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HANDBOOK 



of the 



National Catholic War Council 




Published 
by the Authority of the 

Administrative Committee of Bishops 



National Headquarters, 930-2 Fourteenth Street, N. W. 

Washington, D. C. 

1918 



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PREFACE 

This Handbook is written 'primarily for the 'purpose of describing 
in brief outline the causes which brought the National Catholic 
War Council into being and the problems ivhich face the Catholic 
Church of the United States during the present war. 

To make the world safe for Democracy, to establish peace in the 
world upon the tested foundations of political liberty, to chimpion 
the rights of mankind — such, in the words of President Wilson, is 
the task to which the American people have dedicated their lives, 
their fortunes, and their sacred honor. To accomplish this, the 
American Republic has had to sacrifice a principle upon which its 
policies have almost ahvays beeyi based; that of ^'Splendid Isola- 
tion.^' The President has told us that the chief obstacle at the 
beginning of the war was to overcome this traditional aloofness in 
iDorld affairs. ''The loorld is no longer,'' he has laid, "'divided 
into little circles of interest. The loorld 710 longer consists of 
neighborhoods. The ivorld is linked in a common life and interest 
such as humanity never saio before. . . . What disturbs the 
life of the lohole world is the concern of the whole world, and it is 
our duty to lend the fidl force of this nation, moral and physical, to 
a league of nations which shall see to it that jiobody disturbs the 
peace of the ivorld loithout submitting his case first to the opinion 
of mankind.'' 

In the world today the strongest response to this new interna- 
tionalism must come from the Church of the ages. The Catholic 
Church cannot remain an isolated factor in the nation. The Catholic 
Church possesses spiritual and moral resources which are at the 
command of the nation in every great crisis. The message 'o the 
nation to forget local boundaries and provincialism is a message 
likewise to the Catholic Church. Parochial, diocesan and provin- 
cial limits must be forgotteii in the face of the greater tasks ivhich 
burden our collective religious resources. Today, as never before, 
the Catholic Church in the United States has aii opportunity for 

1 



doing a nation-wide work. No one, honestly, douhts Catholic 
loyalty to the principles of the American nation. And from the 
Hierarchy to the clergy, from the clergy to the people the government 
expects an impulse towards a perfect and efficient cooperation with 
all its agencies in carrying the war to success. 

This Handbook has been designed to assist in this cooperation. 
Its chapters have been so divided that the reader may easily find that 
particular section ivhich refers to their service in tear work. 

1 recommend it most heartily to the Hierarchy, to the clergy and 
to our faithful people as a form for their activity. 

James Cardinal Gibbons, 

Archbishop of Baltimore. 



CONTENTS 



Page 

Preface 5 

CHAPTER I 

The National War Council 7 

1. Purpose of the National Catholic War Council 7 

2. Organization of the National Catholic War Council. ... 10 

3. Operative Committees of the National Catholic War 
Council 12 

A. Advisory Finance Committee 12 

B. Committee on Special War Activities 13 

I. Committee on Finance for Special War 

Activities 14 

II, National Committee on Women's Activities . . 14 

III. National Committee on Men's Activities 18 

IV. National Chaplains' Aid Association 21 

V. National Committee on Catholic Interests ... 23 

VI. National Committee on Reconstruction and 

After- War Activities 23 

VII. National Committee on Historical Records.. . . 25 

C. Knights of Columbus Committee on War Activ- 

ities 27 

4. Problems of the National Catholic War Council 30 

CHAPTER II 

The Catholic Army and Navy Chaplain Bureau 37 

CHAPTER III 

Formation of Diocesan War Councils 41 

1. Suggested plans for the Organization of the Diocesan 
War Councils 41 

2. Cooperative Committees of Diocesan War Councils .... 45 

3. National Cooperation of the National and Diocesan 
War Councils 52 

4. Cooperative Work of the Parishes 52 



4 CONTENTS 

CHAPTER IV 

Page 

Governmental and Supplemental Agencies in War Work. 59 

1. The Necessity of Cooperation 59 

2. The Principal Agencies of Cooperation 60 

A. Governmental Agencies 60 

I. Department of the Treasury 60 

II. Departments of War and Navy &5 

III. Department of Agriculture 69 

IV. Department of Labor 71 

V. Council of National Defense 77 

VI. United States Food Administration 79 

VII. United States Fuel Administration. 85 

VIII. Committee on Public Information 88 

IX. Federal Board for Vocational Education. . . 89 
X. The American National Red Cross 92 

B. Supplemental Agencies for Cooperative War Work . 97 

I. The Young Men's Christian Association. . . 97 
II. The Young Women's Christian Association. 98 

III. The Jewish Welfare Board 99 

IV. The National Board for Historical Service. 101 
V. The Travelers Aid Society 102 

VI. The National American Committee of the 

Polish Victims' Relief Fund 104 

VII. The American Committee for Armenian and 

Syrian Relief 106 

VIII. The General War-Time Commission of the 
Federal Council of the Churches of Christ 

in America 107 

IX. The Boy Scouts of America , 108 

X. National Organization for Public Health 

Nursing 110 

Index 113 



CHAPTER I 

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATIONAL 
CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL. PURPOSE 
AND SCOPE OF ITS ACTIVITIES. 
MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL CATH- 
OLIC WAR COUNCIL. THE COMMIT- 
TEES 



CHAPTER I 

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATIONAL 
CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL. PURPOSE 
AND SCOPE OF ITS ACTIVITIES. 
MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL CATH- 
OLIC WAR COUNCIL. THE COMMIT- 
TEES 

1. PURPOSE OF THE NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR 
COUNCIL 

When the declaration of war was made b^^ the United States 
against the German Empire every part of the organization of the 
Church immediately became solicitous to do its share in assisting 
the Government. Activities of all kinds were begun by Catholic 
men and women in various parts of the country, and individual 
as well as corporate cooperation with such movements as the 
Belgium Relief, the Red Cross, the Liberty Loan, and others 
became the watchword. Shortly after the declaration of war, 
the loyalty of the Catholic Hierarchy, of the clergy and people 
was pledged anew to the country, to its Government and to its 
supreme Executive in a letter to President Wilson, drawn up by 
the Archbishops of the United States at their annual meeting in 
April, 1917, at the Catholic University of America. The follow- 
ing is the complete text of this important document, which was 
presented to the President by Cardinal Gibbons: 

Standing jfirmly upon our solid Catholic tradition and his- . 
tory from the very foundation of this nation, we reaflBrm in this ^, 
hour of stress and trial our most sacred and sincere loyalty 
and patriotism toward our country, our Government, and our 
flag. Moved to the very depths of our hearts by the stirring 
appeal of the President of the United States and by the action 
of our national Congress, we accept wholeheartedly and unre- 
servedly the decree of that legislative authority proclaiming 
this country to be in a state of war. We have prayed that we 



Q HAND-BOOK 

might be spared the dire necessity of entering the conflict. 
But now that war has been declared, we bow in obedience to 
the summons to bear our part in it, with fidelity, with courage, 
and with the spirit of sacrifice, which as loyal citizens we are 
bound to manifest for the defense of the most sacred rights 
and the welfare of the whole nation. Acknowledging gladly 
the gratitude that we have always felt for the protection of 
our spiritual liberty and the freedom of our Catholic institu- 
tions under the flag, we pledge our devotion and our strength 
in the maintenance of our country's glorious leadership in those 
possessions and principles which have been America's proudest 
boast. Inspired neither by hate nor fear, but by the holy sen- 
timents of truest patriotic fervor and zeal, we stand ready, 
we and all the flock committed to our keeping, to cooperate in 
every way possible with our President and our national Gov- 
ernment, to the end that the great and holy cause of liberty 
may triumph, and that our beloved country may emerge from 
this hour of test stronger and nobler than ever. Our people 
now, as ever, will rise as one man to serve the nation. Our 
priests and consecrated women will once again, as in every 
former trial of our country, win by their bravery, their hero- 
ism, and their service, new admiration and approval. We are 
all true Americans, ready, as our age, our ability, and our con- 
dition permit, to do whatever is in us to do, for the preserva- 
tion, the progress, and the triumph of our beloved country. 
May God direct and guide our President and our Government, 
that out of this trying crisis in our national life may at length 
come a closer union among all the citizens of America, and that 
an enduring and blessed peace may crown the sacrifices which 
war inevitably entails. 

Catliolics throughout the United States naturally rejoiced 
at the large number of their co-religionists in the Army and 
Navy. It was clearly evident that the percentage of Catholics 
in the service was proportionately higher than the number of 
Catholics in the country. This happy result was an index of 
the patriotism of the Catholic body and, when the Government 
asked that organized lay agencies should take their share in 
caring for the soldiers and sailors, the Cathohc body was eager 
to assist in the well-being of all the men in the service,, But 
with the vast number of Catholic Societies willing and anxious 
to offer their services and with the untold resources of the 
Catholic Church throughout the country, the situation presented 
many delicate and difficult problems. 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 9 

That a National Catholic organization of some kind was 
necessary after the entrance of the United States into the war on 
April 6, 1917, soon became apparent; and in August, under the 
direction and by the authority of their Eminences James Cardinal 
Gibbons, of Baltimore, John Cardinal Farley, of New York, and 
William Cardinal O'Connell, of Boston, a general Convention of 
the Catholics of the country was called. 

This Convention met at the Catholic University of America, 
Washington, D. C, on August 11 and 12. There were present 
official representatives, clerical and lay, from sixty-eight dioceses 
of the United States, representatives of twenty-seven national 
Catholic organizations, and also of the entire Catholic press. 
Its objects were as follows: to promote the spiritual and ma- 
terial welfare of the United States troops during the war wher- 
ever they may be, at home or abroad, and to study, coordinate, 
unify and put in operation all Catholic activities incidental to 
the war. 

At this Convention three things were decided upon: First, 
that all CathoHc war activities should be unified and coordinated 
for greater efficienc^^ ; secondly, that local boards should be estab- 
lished in the various dioceses; and thirdly, that the Knights of 
Columbus be recognized as the body representing the Church 
in the recreational welfare of the soldiers in the camps. 

The Convention pledged the united power and combined 
resources of the entire Catholic body and of all Catholic organiza- 
tions to assist the Government in every need and problem arising 
from the war. Its members held themselves in readiness to 
cooperate in this work under the leadership of the Hierarchy. 
They placed on record their hearty approbation of the admirable 
regulations made by our War and Navy Departments for the 
safeguarding of our camps, cantonments, naval and military 
establishments from the moral dangers incidental to camp life. 
Formal resolutions to this effect were passed by the Conven- 
tion, and as a result of this Convention, representatives were 
appointed by the Archbishops of the country, and for some 



10 HAND-BOOK 

months they planned the work of organization. In November, 
the Archbishops of the United States constituted themselves the 
National Catholic War Council and appointed as their Admin- 
istrative Committee four Bishops. 

The first meeting of the Administrative Committee was held 
at the Catholic University of America, on January 16, 1918. In 
his letter of January 12, 1918, calling the Administrative Com- 
mittee together, Cardinal Gibbons defined the task ahead of the 
four Bishops, namely : To direct and control, with the aid of the 
American Hierarchy, all Catholic activities in the war. 

2. ORGANIZATION OF THE NATIONAL CATHOLIC 
WAR COUNCIL 

The definite scope of the activities of the National Catholic 
War Council was agreed upon at a meeting in January, 1918, 
and the following plan was adopted: 

I. The NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL, com- 
posed of the fourteen Archbishops : 

His Eminence James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of 
Baltimore. 

His Eminence John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of 
New York. 

His Eminence William Cardinal O'Connell, Arch- 
bishop of Boston. 

Most Rev. John Ireland, Archbishop of St. Paul. 

Most Rev. Alexander Christie, Archbishop of Oregon 
City. 

Most Rev. John J. Glennon, Archbishop of St. Louis. 

Most Rev. Sebastian G. Messmer, Archbishop of 
Milwaukee. 

Most Rev. Henry Moeller, Archbishop of Cincinnati. 

Most Rev. John B. Pitaval, Archbishop of Santa Fe. 

Most Rev. James J. Keane, Archbishop of Dubuque. 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAK COUNCIL 11 

Most Rev. Edward J. Hanna, Archbishop of San Fran- 
cisco. 

Most Rev. George W. Mundelein, Archbishop of 
Chicago. 

Most Rev. John W. Shaw, Archbishop of New Orleans. 

Most Rev. Dennis J. Dougherty, Archbishop of 
Philadelphia. 

II. The ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE, composed of 
the four Bishops : 

Rt, Rev. Peter J. Muldoon, D. D., Chairman. 
Rt. Rev. J. B. Schrembs, D. D. 
Rt. Rev. Patrick J. Hayes, D. D. 
Rt. Rev. Wm. T. Russell, D. D. 

Very Rev. John F. Fenlon, D. D., S. S., Secretary, 

III. The EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, composed of the 
four Bishops, six members of the Knights of Colum- 
bus War Council, and six members at large. The 
Executive Committee is an Advisory Board, and 
meets regularly for the general discussion of all 
national Catholic war activities. The following are 
its members: 

Rt. Rev. Bishop Muldoon, D. D. 

Rt. Rev. Bishop Schrembs, D. D. 

Rt. Rev. Bishop Hayes, D. D. 

Rt. Rev. Bishop Russell, D. D. 

Rt. Rev. Msgr. H. T. Drto^igoole, D. D., LL. D. 

Rt. Rev. Msgr. M. J. Splaine, D. D. 

Rt. Rev. Msgr. Edw. A. Kelly, D. D. 

Rev. John J. Burke, C. S. P. 

John G. Agar. 

Daniel J. Callahan. 

William J. Mulligan. 



12 HAND-BOOK 

Charles I. Denechaud. 
James A. Flaherty. 

WlLLL^M J. McGlNLEY. 

James J. McGraw. 
Joseph C. Pelletier. 

IV. The GENERAL COMMITTEE, composed of two repre- 
sentatives, one clerical and one lay, from each 
Diocese, two representatives from each national 
Catholic society, two representatives of the Catholic 
Press Association, two representatives of the Federa- 
tion of Catholic Societies, and such other members- 
at-large as the Committee of Bishops may choose. 
The General Committee is a larger advisory board 
which meets at the call of the Chairman of the 
Administrative Committee of Bishops whenever a 
general survey of national questions is to be made. 
On account of its size, difficulty and expense of 
travel, such a meeting is necessarily mfrequent — 
perhaps once a year or on the occasion when a 
nation-wide Catholic financial drive is projected. 

3. OPERATIVE COMMITTEES OF THE NATIONAL 
CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 

The National Catholic War Council operates with regard to 
immediate war work on war problems through three principal 
committees, which are: The Advisory Finance Committee, the 
Committee on Special War Activities, and the Knights of 
Columbus Committee on War Activities. 

A. THE ADVISORY FINANCE COMMITTEE 

This Committee has the important duty of raising the national 
budget for Catholic War Activities of all kinds. 

As an example of what one Catholic community can accom- 
plish in efforts to raise funds for war activities, one of the most 
surprising and at the same time one of the most successful 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 13 

examples is that of the recent New York Catholic War Drive. 
In the Archdiocese over four and a half million dollars were 
raised. 

The New York campaign was, in the widest and fullest sense 
of the term, a Catholic movement. The campaign was not con- 
ducted by any single organization; the aim from the beginning 
was to make the entire Catholic community, priests and laity, 
without exception of any individual or any organization of men 
and women, realize that it was their work and their responsibility. 
It is not too much to say that never in the history of the Church 
was the Catholic spirit of generosity and cooperation, with the 
Government roused to such practical enthusiasm. Catholics 
realized, as never before, the strength of their Church, and they 
saw more clearly than ever the meaning and the value of Catholic 
unity. Not only did Catholics contribute but hundreds and 
thousands of Protestants and Jews gave generously, for prejudice 
had been broken down and a better understanding had arisen 
between all the citizens of the State. The success of this effort 
is a sure index of what can be expected in other parts of the 
country. 

The following prominent Catholic citizens have been ap- 
pointed by the Archbishops as members of the Ad\'isory Finance 
Committee: Baltimore, James R. Wheeler; Boston, James J. 
Phelan; Chicago, John V. T. Murphy; Cincinnati, Charles Wil- 
liams; Dubuque, J. J. Meyers; Milwaukee, Frank G. Smith; 
New Mexico, O. N. Marron; New Orleans, Charles Theard; New 
York, Adrian Iselin, Jr.; Philadelphia, I. J. Dohan; Portland, 
T. E. Sullivan; San Francisco, Edward J. Tobin; St. Louis, 
Festus J. Wade; St. Paul, Wm. P. Kenny. 

B. THE COMMITTEE ON SPECIAL WAR ACTIVITIES 

The Committee on Special War Activities, the Chairman of 
which is the Rev. John J. Burke, C. S. P., Editor of the Catholic 
World, and the Executive Secretary of which is Mr. Walter G. 
Hooke, of New York City, directs the work of the Standing 



14 HAND-BOOK 

Committees. These Committees are seven in number: Com- 
mittee on Finance, Committee on Women's Activities, Com- 
mittee on Men's Activities, Committee on Chaplains' Aid and 
Literature, Committee on CathoHc Interests, Committee on 
Reconstruction and After- War Activities, Committee on His- 
torical Records of Catholic War Activities. 

The Seven National Standing Committees of the Committee 
on Special War Activities have offices at 930-32 Fourteenth 
Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. The different Chairmen and 
Secretaries are in constant attendance. Weekly staff meetings 
of the Committees are held and monthlj^ meetings of the Com- 
mittee on Special War Activities, the Rev. John J. Burke, 
C. S. P., presiding, are also held. The National Standing Com- 
mittees give a monthly report on the progress of their activities 
to the Committee on Special War Activities. Briefly the work 
outlined for these Committees may be described as follows: 

I. THE COMMITTEE ON FINANCE FOR SPECIAL WAR ACTIVITIES 
Chairman, Mr. John G. Agar, New York 

This Committee arranges the annual budget for the Com- 
mittee on Special War iVctivities. Its duty is to supervise the 
payment of all appropriations made by the Committee and to 
care for all its financial accounts. 

II. NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON WOMEn's ACTIVITIES 

Chairman, Rev. Wm. J. Kerry, Ph.D. 
Secretary, Rev. John Cooper, Ph.D. 

The war cannot be fought successfully without the help of 
the women of the country. There are innumerable tasks which 
women alone can perform. The opportunities which have 
arisen for the women in America are among the most 
wonderful in the history of the world. 

The women of the country are actual sharers in the war. 
From their number must come nurses, accountants, aids in the 
hospitals, aids in the camps, and aids to travelers. One of the 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL lo 

principal works of the Committee is the construction and 
supervision of Visitors' Houses, and this work commands the ser- 
vices of many organizations throughout the country. It is one of 
the most important fields of women's work in the service of 
their country. 

Women are taking in this great war a part which, for diversity 
of work and intensity of effort is not in any way second to the 
part taken by the men. It was a foregone conclusion that our 
Catholic women would be as much interested and as eager to do 
their share of these various works as their sisters of other religious 
belief. Hence, the National Catholic War Council at its incep- 
tion, turned its attention to the efforts of Catholic women and 
formed a Women's Committee for the general purpose of assisting 
the Catholic women of the country to utilize their efforts and 
energies in the most effective way to help win the war. 

Before the Committee could be of any assistance to the 
women workers of the country, it was necessary to find out what 
the Catholic women were doing in the various phases of war 
work. Most of them were acting through their clubs, sodalities 
and societies, local or national. The first step in the carrying 
out of the Committee's purpose was to get in touch with these 
different organizations of Catholic women. If the Committee 
was to be helpful, it needed definite information as to what our 
resources in the way of women's societies were, what work they 
had accomplished, and what plans they had in mind. This task 
was entered upon by the Committee and is still in progress. A 
complete directory of all Catholic women's societies is being 
compiled. Through this directory, an accurate survey may be 
made of the work done. The tremendous energies of which our 
Catholic women are capable, may be coordinated to the best 
advantage, and loss, due to scattered effort and duplication, may 
be prevented. Where little or no war work has been accom- 
plished, it is aimed to stimulate or create War Relief activities. 
Several thousands of these societies have already been registered 
and each day sees new ones added to the directory. The Com- 



16 HAND-BOOK 

mittee asks that the presidents or secretaries of women's organiza- 
tions send their names in to the National Committee so that the 
list may be complete. 

As soon as they can be organized, Diocesan Committees on 
Women's Activities will be established in every diocese of the 
country. These units, being made up of the various societies 
of the diocese, will thus be brought into closer union and their 
work more carefully planned and more effectively carried out. 

The National Women's Committee does not interfere in any 
way with individual organizations. The diocesan group will be 
the principal agency for the direction and strengthening of war 
activities in each particular diocese. 

The function of the Women's National Committee is to obtain 
accurate information as to what our women are doing in the war, 
to know something of their resources and what they are capable 
of doing, to offer suggestions from time to time as to other works 
which may be done, continuance and increase of present work, 
and to submit a program of war relief measures which will be 
based on work actually done by Catholic women's organizations. 
It will be m a position also to know directly the needs of the 
Government and of our soldiers and sailors and to serve as a 
central agency of communication between the Government and 
the various bodies of Catholic women throughout the country. 
In a word, it hopes to supply our women with a channel for the 
more effective prosecution of war work and other national service. 

Splendid work has already been done by the Catholic women 
of the United States. Yet much remains to be done. Each day 
that the war continues sees an increase of the possibilities for 
women's activities. Our Catholic women are capable, as 
experience has shown, of accomplishing truly great things, and 
it is the duty of the National Committee on Women's Organiza- 
tions to coordinate all these activities. 

The National Committee on Women's Activities desires the 
name and address of every organization and group of Catholic 
women in the United States, with a statement of the history and 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 17 

tlie address of each organization. It desires a list of the war 
activities aheady undertaken, either of a strictly Catholic nature 
or in cooperation with other organizations, either Catholic or non- 
Catholic. It seeks an indication of how much work has been 
done in the matter of knitting, sewing, collecting books for camp 
libraries, supplying religious articles and raising funds; and 
also a detailed account of all work undertaken for the protec- 
tion of young girls. It asks suggestions upon the kind of work 
the organization is best prepared to do, and it asks also for 
information upon what is most needed to promote the Catholic 
women's war work in each community. It has been found par- 
ticularly in those communities where troops are camping, when 
passing through, that clubs or rest rooms under proper Catholic 
auspices fill a most pressing need. 

The National Committee offers the following suggested 
methods and types of war relief for Catholic women: 

A. General Recommendations. 

I. Intimate and cordial cooperation with governmental and 
non-religious forces should be maintained. War service 
is thereby more wisely directed and effectively^ad- 
ministered. For example: 

a. American Red Cross. 

b. Women's Committee, Council of National Defense. 

c. Food Administration. ^ 

d. Fuel Administration. _ 

e. Local civic war agencies. 
/. Liberty Loans. 

IL It will be found of real advantage to secure representa- 
tion on local civic committees, thereby affording a wider 
application of Catholic principles and problems arising 
out of war relief. 

B. Social JVork. 

1. Interest and care in the protection of young girls, through 
supervision of social conditions at camps and canton- 
ments, and centers of war work. 

II. Cooperation with Travelers' Aid Society or the estab- 
lishment of equivalent rehef where the Travelers' Aid So - 
ciety is not in charge. 



18 HAND-BOOK 

III. The proper housing of girls employed in war work, a 
need that has manifested itself where governmental 
service is being performed. 

IV. Formation and development of girls' clubs. 

V. To keep Catholic girls informed of government needs for 
women employees. 

C. Child Welfare Work. 

Care of children made dependent by the war. 
Maintenance of social activities impaired or threatened 
by war conditions. 

D. Canteen Service. . 

E. Educational. 

Lectures. Instructions on the causes of the war. Needs 
of the Government. Methods by which women can 
assist in war work. 

Americanization of foreign-born. Teaching of English 
and civics. Speaking before foreign audiences. 
Training of speakers for war topics, such as Liberty 
Loans, Food Conservation, etc. 
Lectures on Home Economics. 

F. Recreational. 

Providing entertainment at the camps and cantonments. 
Visiting military hospitals, providing soldiers with fruit 
and delicacies, reading matter, arranging automobile 
, ours of the city. Interest in and service in Visitors' 
Houses established at the various embarkation points and 
cantonments. 

Providing proper amusement and methods of relaxation 
for the girl war workers. 

G. Religious Work. 

The making or providing funds for chaplains' outfits, 
providing rosaries, scapulars, medals, crucifixes for the 
soldiers. 



III. NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON MENS ACTIVITIES 
Chairman, Mr. Charles I. Denechaud, New Orleans 
Secretary, Ma. Michael John Slattery, Philadelphia 

At the outset of the war, one immediate duty presented itself: 
that of uniting the country into organizations for the purpose of 
rousing the spirit of the people in order that sick and wounded 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 19 

soldiers and families left destitute by absence or death of their 
wage-earners might not lack the care they needed. It is not 
sufficient for every man, woman and child in the country to give 
individual support to these national activities, such as the Red 
Cross, etc., for men and women of particular callings in life, of 
particular creeds, or of particular capacity should unite in order 
that such cooperation be made more effective and lasting. The 
great patriotic societies of the country should be given this 
organized cooperation; everybody can increase his power of 
helping by joining with his neighbors for the common cause. We 
are living in an era of such organization. The world is carried 
along by it. As the parish is linked to the diocese by organiza- 
tion, so must the diocese be linked to the nation. The National 
Catholic War Council is the channel into which diocesan and 
parochial activities should flow. Every diocese has a host of 
agencies fully equipped to do all sorts of good work, and it is 
simply a question of harnessing these agencies under proper 
direction to obtain the desired results. Their effectiveness 
depends largely upon two things : First, the existence of a fairly 
definite, intelligent, and comprehensive program, steadily 
pursued, and second, harmony in actual work as well as in the 
planning. National efficiency demands an immediate toning 
up all the individual and institutional efficiency. It too must 
make sure that duplication of effort, waste and inefficiency are 
avoided. Prevention must be emphasized as the most efficient 
approach to war problems. Above all, there must be a plan for 
the mobilization of all of our diocesan resources to meet the 
intensified needs. The functions of the National Committee on 
Men's Activities are: 

I. To ascertain from all possible sources what the immediate 
needs are, what is being done to meet them, by whom and 
how; what needs to be done; whether there are existing 
institutions and agencies to do the work; if not, what can 
and should be done to supplement their efforts. 



20 HAND-BOOK 

II. To ascertain what welfare work is being done elsewhere, 
both in this country and abroad under war conditions, by 
what methods and with what results. 

III. To record and classify all information obtained and place 
it at the disposal of those specially interested. 

IV. To work for the unification and centralization of effort 
in meeting national and diocesan needs during war time. 

V. To be a clearing house for all diocesan activities and to 
correlate the agencies of the American Red Cross, the 
Council of National Defense, the Army and Navy Commis- 
sion on Training Camp Activities, etc. 
VI. To secure the enlistment of volunteers, and to place these 
volunteers where their services will be most needed to 
carry on the work. 
VII. To act in a advisory capacity to help to a wise solution of 
emergency problems as they arise. 
VIII. An honest effort to cooperate in every way possible with 
other institutions and agencies at work solving war 
problems. 
IX. The indication of ways in which this Committee can be 
of help, aid requests to it for counsel and assistance where- 
ever needed. 

The National Committee will give the Diocesan War Com- 
mittee on Men's Activities: 

a. Continued information as to what this Committee is 
doing and planning to do, especially as touching its field. 

b. Prompt information of all facts coming to the Committee's 
attention, knowledge of which it is believed will prove 
helpful. 

c. Notification of any special emergency which might arise 
demanding prompt attention. 

d. Information from time to time as to what is Being done 
elsewhere in the country and abroad, in its line. 

e. Constructive suggestions from time to time. 

[ The National Committee also desires a record of the number 
of men enlisted in the service and requests information and 
suggestions as to how best to promote Catholic men's war work 
in the community. It requires also from each organization a 
close cooperation with the Committee on Historical Records 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 



21 



by sending clippings from local newspapers, photographs and 
other material concerning the activities, of the organization in the 
war. 

IV. THE NATIONAL CHAPLAINs' AID ASSOCIATION 

The Chaplains' Aid Association is under the direction of the 
Committee on Special War Activities, of the National Catholic 
War Council, Washington, D. C. Its report is made regularly to 
the Administrative Committee of Bishops. Throughout the 
country it has established various Chapters. The first Chapter 
to be established was that of New York, and this particular 
Chapter has, because it is at a shipping point and port where 
almost all the troops leave for Europe, been made the central 
distributing office, where all reports are correlated and published 
in the Bulletin. Each Chapter has the right to have its own 
regulations, to collect and distribute its own funds, etc. Details 
of organization may be obtained by writing to 932 Fourteenth 
street, N. W., Washington, D. C, or 605 Fifth Avenue, New 
York. For the sake of economy, unity of action, etc., all 
Chapters are requested to keep in touch with the National 
Headquarters in Washington. ' 

Chapters may be formed in any diocese with the approval 
of the Bishop. The Chaplains' Aid is now more than a year 
old, during which time the following Chapters have been formed: 



Boston 
Trenton 
Philadelphia 
Pottsville. Pa. 
Chatanooga 
Cincinnati 
Indianapolis 
Morris, Minn. 
Utica (two) 



Pittsfield, Mass. 
New Orleans 
Pittsburgh 
Norfolk, Va. 
Jacksonville 
Massillon, Ohio 
Burlington, Wis. 
Rome, N. Y. 
Rochester (two) 



NeAvark 
Wheeling 
Sharon, Pa. 
Canton, Ohio 
Odell, 111. 
Cascade, Iowa 
Buffalo 
Syracuse 
Whitesboro 



During the same time, all the Chaplains of Army and Navy, 
and our troops both at home and abroad, have been and are being 



22 HAND-BOOK 

furnished with Chaplains' outfits, religious articles, literature and 
other needful supplies. 

The spiritual welfare of the soldier and sailor is the special 
field of the Chaplains' Aid. It would be impossible here to review 
everything that has been done. But it may be noted that 
through the various Chapters of the Chaplains' Aid, Chaplains' 
outfits, or kits as they are popularly called, have been given to 
550 Chaplains, commissioned or volunteer. 

The large kit is for home service; the smaller, or trench kit, 
for foreign service. The latter, containing everything necessary 
for the celebration of Mass, weighs, with case, 22 pounds. 

The Chaplains' Aid has published, with a special introduction 
by Cardinal Gibbons, the Army and Navy Testament. Special 
plates had to be made. The first edition was of 10,000 copies; 
the second edition, of 50,000 copies; and the third edition, now 
ready, is of 500,000 copies. Of these, 200,000 copies have been 
distributed. 

Following are the figures of some supplies sent out to the 
Chaplains: 

Prayer-books (including those in Polish, Slovak and 

Italian) 340,000 

Rosaries 121,000 

Scapulars 196,000 

Scapular medals 67,000 

Catechisms (including Italian) 22,000 

Hymn books and hymn cards 17,000 

Sacred Heart badges 17,000 

Pamphlets and tracts , 176,000 

Crucifixes 7,000 

Religious Books 4,000 

|c |.The number of linens supplied to Chaplains, including many 
sets beyond those placed in the kits, makes a total of 10,500. 
^^ About 500 sets of vestments have been supplied; also ciboria, 
monstrances, copes, missals and missal-stands, chalices, and 
other odd supplies to Chaplains, including altar wine, sanctuary 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 23 

oil, palms, incense and charcoal, portable organs, etc., etc. 

A department of the Association is devoted to the furnishing 
of altar breads, weekly or bi-monthly, to Chaplains in the 
Armj^ and Navy. Over 300,000 breads have been sent out. 

Another department of the Chaplains' Aid Association pro- 
vides magazines, books and all sorts of reading matter to camps 
and base hospitals, knitted afghans, games and puzzles and 
scrap-books. Comfort kits were provided at Christmas to the 
number of 1,500. The Red Cross received another consignment 
of 7,000, of which it was said, that it was the largest single con- 
tribution ever received by it. 

The record of the work of the Association is preservied by 
means of a monthly Bulletin, of which twelve numbers have been 
published. This is sent out to Chaplains, to members and 
patrons, and to the various Chapters of the Association. 

V. NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON CATHOLIC INTERESTS 

Chairman, Rt. Rev, Monsignor Edward A. Kelly, LL. D., Chicago. 
Secretary, Walter G. Hooke, Washington, D. C. 

The National Committee on Catholic Interests is chiefly 
concerned with watching the ruling of the various departments, 
with the view to bring sympathetically to various governmental 
agencies the Catholic position and sensibilities on questions of 
policy affecting the entire country. This Committee also serves 
as a medium of communication and exchange between the great 
national organizations in reaching Catholics and enlisting their 
cooperation in War Work. The membership of this Com- 
mittee is large and contemplates prominent clergy and laymen 
in every diocese. 

VI. NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON RECONSTRUCTION AND AFTER-WAR 

ACTIVITIES 

Chairman, Rt. Rev. Monsignor M. J. Splaine, D. D., Boston 

If it is true that in time of Peace we should prepare for War, 
it is equally certain that in time of War we should prepare for 



24 HAND-BOOK 

Peace. Just as new and urgent problems arose upon the declara- 
tion of War, so upon the declaration of Peace will there arise 
gigantic problems of Reconstruction and After-War Activities 
which must not find us unprepared. 

As a special committee of the National Catholic War Council 
in charge of this work, it is necessary that we devote our time and 
study in anticipating what those problems will be and in prepar- 
ing as far as possible to be ready to meet them with proper 
remedies and solutions. We are interested in this work as 
Catholics because we are convinced that there is a distinct 
Catholic viewpoint to the work of Reconstruction and After-War 
Activities which is necessary in order to give the proper guarantee 
of moral correctness and beneficial results to the country as a 
whole. 

It is now generally agreed that the colossal world war was 
brought about as the logical result of the practice of false philos- 
ophy and pernicious ethics. We must not go back to the old 
paths which lead to destruction, but we must endeavor as far as 
possible to base the principles that will hold the thought and 
action of the after-war era upon the Commandments of Almighty 
God and the teachings of Jesus Christ. For this purpose, a 
Committee of Catholic gentlemen who are careful students of 
the moral aspects of sociology, has been formed to devote its 
time and attention to studying the various problems that it is 
felt will arise, to begin to prepare the public mind by writing and 
publishing the teachings of the Catholic Church in regard to the 
true social welfare of mankind. It is hoped that as our great 
armies will be demobilized and will be reabsorbed mto the 
industrial life of the nation, they will be able to return to condi- 
tions that will have been purified and corrected, because they will 
have been founded upon the Eternal principles of religion and 
morality which the Catholic Church has been commissioned by 
Almighty God to teach to the world in all places and at all times 
unto its consummation. 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 25 

VII. NATIONAL CO.MIVIITTEE ON HISTORICAL RECORDS 

Chairman, Rt. Rev. Monsignor Henry T. Drumgoole, LL. D., Philadelphia. 
Secretary, Rev. Peter Guilday, Ph.D., Washington, D. C. 

The Committee on National Catholic War Records has been 
directed by the Administrative Committee of Bishops to bend 
every effort to secure immediately, and to preserve, an accurate 
and complete record of all Catholic American activity in the 
present war. This part of the National Catholic War Council 
cannot be too strongly emphasized. Unless we make provision 
for the history of Catholic patriotism and effort in this war, we 
shall be guilty of neglect which can never be remedied and of a 
mistake which can never be retrieved. If we fail to establish 
authentic records of our civic and religious activities, if we fail to 
record all noble impulses that enrich the hearts of American 
Catholics, we rob the Church of the future of inspiration, example 
and interpretation. History cannot be written on the day on 
which it is made, but preparations for that future history are all- 
important. The creation of archives, the careful preservation of 
every record and document, the description of every kind of 
spiritual and patriotic service, must be counted along the ele- 
mentary duties of Catholic life today. The procuring of such a 
record will require the general assistance of all Catholics, especially 
the sympathetic cooperation of every Bishop and priest, particu- 
larly of every pastor, of the heads of Catholic societies of men and 
women , and of the Catholic press . Every Catholic should make h is 
contribution to the history of the Church's activity in the war. The 
National Catholic War Council has felt the thrill of many great 
impulses, and has had the vision of many great impulses, but no 
one means more in the summing up than that of leaving to 
posterity accounts of Catholic aspiration and sacrifice in these 
troubled days. The Committee on Historical Records is en- 
deavoring to do for Catholic activities what the National Board 
for Historical Service is accomplishhig for the nation at large. 
Under the guidance of twenty of the foremost historical students 
of the country, the National Board for Historical Service has as 



Z6 ^HAND-BOOK 

its objects to facilitate the coordination and development of 
historical activity in the United States, to aid in supplying th^ 
general public with trustworthy information of historical or 
similar character, and to aid, encourage and organize agencies 
in different cities and localities for the purpose of preserving the 
record of war activities in these sections. 

The Committee on Historical Records for the National 
Catholic War Council has divided this work into two main 
parts: First, the gathering of the census of the Catholic men and 
women in the service of the United States; second, the creation 
of national Catholic archives, where all materials relating to the 
aspect of Catholic activities in the war will be preserved and kept 
for future historians. The Committee desires, therefore, to 
secure at once for this census of Catholic men and women in the 
service the name, age, home address, branch of service, name and 
address of nearest relative or friend ; 

a. Of every Catholic man in the Army, Navy or Marines of 
the United States. 

b. Of those examined and passed, even though not yet called 
to service. 

c. Of those serving in medical, hospital or ambulance corps; 

d. Of Chaplains, regular, non-commissioned, or auxiliary; 

e. Of helpers in cantonment, camp or overseas; 

/. Of every Catholic woman serving as nurse or in other 
governmental capacity. 

Further information and material desired for the national 
Catholic archives may be broadly defined as follows : 

Episcopal pronouncements, acts, addresses, books, pamphlets; 
likewise those of priests; church celebrations, prayers; congre- 
gational celebrations, activities; group or individual participation 
on the part of either clergy or laity. 

Every bit of help in compiling the National Catholic War 
Records will count for the honor of Church and country, and for 
the glory of the men who are offering their life's blood, and of the 
women, who, in their husbands, sons and brothers, are giving of 
their heart's blood for God and the Right. 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 27 

C. KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS COMMITTEE ON 
WAR ACTIVITIES 

Chairman, Mr. Wm. J. Mulligan, 461 Fourth Avenue, New York City. 

Vice-Chairman, Mr. Daniel J. Callahan, Norfolk «& Washington Steamboat 
Company, Washington, D. G. 

Secretary, Mr. Wm. J. McGinley, New Haven, Conn. 

Mr. James A. Flaherty, New Haven, Conn. 

Mr. Joseph C. Pelletier, Barristers Hall, Boston, Mass. 

Mr. James J. McGraw, Ponca City, Oklahoma. 

Mr. Wm. P. Larkin, 461 Fourth Avenue, New York City. 

Washington Office, Woodward Building, Washington, D. C, is in charge of the 
Vice-Chairman and keeps in touch with the Government Departments. 

New Haven Office is in charge of the Secretary and is the main office of the Com- 
mittee. This office handles the entire domestic service. 

New York Office, in charge of Mr. Wm. P. Larkin, handles matters in connection 

f with the foreign service. 

When the United States troops were being assembled along 
the Mexican Border in 1916, the Knights of Columbus, answering 
a number of appeals, ventured into a new field of work, namely, 
the establishment and conduct of buildings as recreation centers 
for the men in the service. 

The buildings were erected at fifteen different points, thereby 
furnishing the soldiers, regardless of creed, with recreation and 
amusement, at the same time paying a special attention to the 
religious needs of the Catholics. 

All this was done without any appeal to the public for funds, 
or any call upon us members. The cost was entirely defrayed 
out of the General Fund of the Order, or by dint of much economy 
in many other directions. 

In addition to the work above indicated, local councils of the 
Order located adjacent to the camps furnished entertainment and 
social advantages to the soldiers visiting their locality on leave 
or furlough. 

This work received the commendation ot the War Depart- 
ment, of officers, privates and the public generally. 

Upon the declaration of war on April 6, 1917, by President 
Wilson,, the appeals again commenced for us to take up similar 
work at the camps, cantonments, encampments, naval bases and 
allied centers, with the result that we tendered our services. 



28 HAND-BOOK 

which were accepted by the Secretary of War and Committee 
on War Activities in June, 1917, and later by the Secretary of 
the Navy. 

A letter from Secretary of War Baker dated September 23, 
1917, gives briefly our status and his view: 

"The Young Men's Christian Association represents the 
Protestant denomination, which will constitute roughly 60 per 
cent of our new Army; the work of this organization in all mili- 
tary camps both in Canada and abroad is too well known to 
require comment. The Knights of Columbus represent the 
Catholic denomination, which will constitute perhaps 35 per cent 
of the new Army. While this society is a fraternal organization, 
it will sustain exactly the same relation to the camps as is sus- 
tained by the Young Men's Christian Association and will hold 
no meetings to which all the troops in the camp are not invited, 
regardless of religious or other preferences." 

Our work consisted in the organization and maintenance of 
one or more buildings at each of the many centers of military 
activity. ''Everything free, everj^body welcome," was the 
slogan. Small libraries were established, free writing material, 
pianos, victrolas, moving picture machines, checkers, dominoes, 
pool and billiards, boxing outfits, basket-ball paraphernalia, 
base-ball outfits are some of the many diversions offered to the 
men. In addition, concerts, theatricals, vaudeville, lectures 
etc., are given frequently and always without charge. The 
buildmgs have been freely used by the Government for classes in 
athletics, lecturing on w^ar tactics, etc. 

To Jews has m many places been given free use of buildings 
for their services. 

Priests selected by the ecclesiastical authorities, and later 
by Right Reverend Bishop Hayes of New York, have been 
supported by the Order, as and when appointed to various places 
here and overseas. 

Financial assistance has been given to local councils adjacent 
to the camps upon request, to help them m their service work. 

Overseas the work has been similar, although it was not 
until December 1, 1917, that we obtamed the necessary permis- 



natio]n:al catholic war council 29 

sioii from General Pershing to do this work. Our overseas Com- 
missioner then returned to this country to discuss the matter of 
organization, etc., returning to France the middle of March, 
so that our overseas w^ork practically commenced only on that 
date. Before his return, however, at the end of December, he 
had placed twenty volunteer Knights of Columbus Chaplains, 
sent abroad at our expense, but up to December 1, 1917, unable to 
enter upon the work until General Pershing had given the 
required permission. He also left money witii the Chaplains 
and with many of the regular Army Chaplains to be expended 
for the welfare of the men, pending the starting of our organiza- 
tion upon his return. 

In Boston a Service House with forty free beds has been 
opened, and another with 300 is being prepared. New York, 
Detroit and other cities are entering into this city service work 
on a large scale — all in addition to the work above referred to as 
being done by councils adjacent to the camps. 

The work overseas, while aiming at the same ends, must 
necessarily be accomplished in a somewhat different way from 
that in this country. The really great service must be at the 
front, in and just behind the trenches. Here spiritual comforts 
and creature comforts are most needed, and yet the kind of war 
tlie change of scene, the movements of our men are such that 
buildings of anything like a permanent form are not advisable, 
while at the ports of entry and large naval bases, permanent 
buildings can be erected and conducted. 

We are sending abroad automobiles, auto- trucks, auto- 
kitchens, all sorts of games, tobacco, cigarettes, chocolate, candy, 
soup cubes, etc. 

Up to date no canteen has been established, and it is hoped 
that whatever we have may be given free as far as it will go. 

No women, except a few in Paris, have been engaged for 
our work, either here or overseas. Our present policy is to supply 
only men who under the designation of secretaries, seem able to 
furnish all the service needed for the men. 



30 HAND-BOOK 



Summary 



150 buildings in eighty -three military, naval or allied 

centers in the United States. 
350 secretaries in the United States. 
75 Volunteer Knights of Columbus chaplains in the 

United States. 
150 additional buildings planned for. 
75 buildings in sixty places in France. 
35 volunteer Knights of Columbus Chaplains in France, 
and arrangements being made for use of a considerable 
number of English-speaking French priests assigned 
by the French Government to the American Forces. 
200 Secretaries in France. 

25 chaplains with money for men's welfare, 
200 additional buildings planned for. 

The Knights of Columbus began their operations through a 
Central Bureau located in the Woodward Building, Washington 
D. C, but for reasons of more thorough efficiency and of prompter 
communication with its supreme directors, it was decided to move 
their administrative offices to the headquarters of the society at 
New Haven, Conn. 

4. THE PROBLEMS OF THE NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR 
COUNCIL 

The main purpose of the National Catholic War Council 
is to give direction to the activity of the Catholic forces of the 
nation, in such a way that they may cooperate with the Govern- 
ment to their fullest extent in winning the present war. The 
National Catholic War Council was created to serve as best it 
might this coordination of Catholic activities, to afford means for 
a systematic study of national problems and to offer a national 
cooperation to the civic, social and moral agencies of the Church 
in the present emergency. 

The old-time adjustments of our national life have been 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 31 

changed by the war. The pathways along which our energies 
have gone in the past have had to be recharted; and this 
recharting has not been accomplished without much confusion, 
many mistakes and long delays. But the determination to 
carry out this change has been unconquerable. The Federal 
Government and every State Government in the nation have 
rearranged all such relations. 

The traditions of our history have been overthrown. Institu- 
tions have been modified. The purposes of peaceful life, which 
have given variety and manifold culture to our civilization, have 
been suspended on account of the war. Emergency has become 
our law, the rule of the nations' action, the key to its present 
spirit, and the measure of its supreme standards. University, 
high school, grammar school, factory, club, social organization, 
legislature and leadership, have all been brought into new 
relationship, each expressing in its own way a fraction of the inte- 
gral life of the nation, whose forces are now assembled in one 
mighty effort to win the war. Standards and purposes have 
been surrendered by all of these, and the new life of a nation is 
exacting a reorganization and a readjustment. 

The splendor and majesty of the nation's ideals and the 
depth of its appeal to everything noble within us when its 
dignity is insulted and its sanctities profaned by the degrading 
touch of monstrous oppression are now shown forth as never 
before. National unity of a positive and directly active kind 
was only an aspiration before our entrance into the war; today it 
is the far-reaching and heart-searchmg policy of every patriot in 
the land, and the country's interests are the object of universal 
solicitude and unceasing prayer. 

In the reconstruction necessary for the proper adjustment of 
Catholic activities to the state of war now existing, parochial 
ministrations, diocesan government, care of the moral and 
spiritual interests of our Catholic millions, cannot be lost sight 
of. The orderly procedure of the Church's work of santification 
must continue; but over and above these tasks have arisen new 



32 HAND-BOOK 

duties of sacrifice and new appeals for self-forgetting service. 
The problems which the Catholic Church in the United States 
face in this conflict are in many ways greater than many of the 
problems of the past. Where the soldier and the sailor go, the 
Church must send her chaplains to follow. The Church must 
face consciously the overwhelming problems of morality and 
spiritual reinforcement in the camp, in the community and on 
the battle line. It must foresee and guard against every new 
disguise of temptation that presents itself to the young of 
both sexes everywhere. 

Millions of Catholics wish to do their duty nobly. They 
ask for dkection, for opportunity to serve, for simplification of 
the problems of service. They are conscious of a two-fold pur- 
pose. One is to do their duty which love of country imposes; the 
other is to obey the fellowship of faith which brings within the 
realm of the supernatural motive every patriotic service to be 
undertaken. 

The symbols of prayer and devotion which enrich our Cath- 
olic life and typify the sweet intimacy of our daily piety must be 
distributed among sailors and soldiers, with a care that knows no 
neglect. The material, mental and social needs of our soldiers 
must be provided for to the fullest extent, but that provision 
must follow the laws of system and the maximum of efficiency, if 
the work is to be done without waste and indirection. 

Problems that arise from the assembling of great numbers of 
men in the service in any one locality must be dealt with without 
delay and with the foresight and directness that are possible only 
to cooperative intelligence as well as to cooperative love. 

The tasks, therefore, which face the Church are countless 
and the complications without number. In the nature of the 
case, duplication, delay, oversight and waste are forbidden. Men 
and women who have insight, imagination and courage must 
undertake the course of complicated thinking in order to guide 
the workers into pathwaj^s that prevent confusion and obviate 
all neutralization. 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 33 

The National Catholic War Council was created, therefore, 
because these needs were apparent and because they permitted 
no delay and threatened an indictment of the Catholic Church 
unless they were met swiftly and efficiently. Whatever the 
limitations under which these efforts have been made, no one 
can deny that a great purpose inspired them. Whatever limita- 
tions that still adhere to the plans proposed, these plans have 
resulted from an unselfish endeavor to do a great duty in a 
noble manner. Neither the inspiration that created the National 
Catholic War Council nor the plans which it proposes will be 
understood except from a national standpoint and in a national 
way. These plans follow closely the established ecclesiastical 
order and action hi Catholic life. The National Catholic War 
Council, therefore, aims frankly towards the amalgamation of 
all these forces and towards the studying of those larger problems 
in the Church which will enable her now to meet her historic 
responsibilities. 

The Church in the United States has need of accurate know- 
ledge of the problems presented to her by war conditions. She 
has need of the knowledge of her own resources, which may be 
called upon to deal with these problems. On account of her 
vastness, the variety of her life, and the manifold character of 
the units of Catholic feeling and action, there is imperative need 
of system, of foresight and of direction. By the law of her life 
and the sanctions of her history, all such efforts must center 
around her normal authorities. We turn to pastors for guidance 
in parochial problems. We turn to bishops for guidance in 
diocesan problems. We turn to the Hierarchy for guidance in 
national problems. 

The National Catholic War Council is the Hierarchy, and 
the Committee on Special War Activities serves the Bishops in 
whatever way they may be disposed to ask. It keeps in touch 
with all diocesan war councils, and thus, indirectly, with all 
parochial units within the diocese. 

Sharing as we do the inspiration of divine Faith; feeling as we 



34 HAND-BOOK 

do the impulse of a patriotism tliat is quickened by our belief in 
the supernatural, we are assured that the problem of placing the 
Church in a position of recognized power in dealing with war con- 
ditions is one of good will, not of resources ; one of organization, 
not of choice; one of privilege gladly seized. Prompt surrender, 
therefore, of all local or sectional points of view, glad obedience 
to our national, spiritual and civic ideals, and hearty under- 
standing of the elementary truth that system and forethought 
are the weapons by which we overcome confusion and wasted 
effort, stand today as the sole factors under the Providence of 
God, which condition our meeting the supreme challenge that 
has come to us, meeting it in a way that will make the country 
forever grateful, and the Church forever proud. 



CHAPTER II 

THE CATHOLIC ARMY AND NAVY 
CHAPLAIN BUREAU 



35 



CHAPTER II 



THE CATHOLIC ARMY AND NAVY 
CHAPLAIN BUREAU 



BISHOP ORDINARY 



Rt. Rev. Patrick J. Hayes, D. D., Auxiliary Bishop of New 
York. Address, 142 East 29th Street, New York City. 

Secretary, Rev. Joseph P. Dineen, Major, Chaplain 69th Infantry, New York 

Guard. Address, 142 E. 29th Street, New York City. 
Executive Secretary, Rev. Lewis J. O'Hern, C. S. P. Address, 932 14th Street, 

Washington, D. C. 

Vicars General: 

Overseas Vicariate, Very Rev. Msgr. James N. Connolly, Major, Chaplain 

12th Infantry, New York Guard. Address, 1-3 Rue des Italiens, Paris, 

France. 
Eastern Vicariate, Very Rev. George J. Waring, Captain, 11th Cavalry, 

U. S. A. Address, Governor's Island, New York. 
Great Lakes Vicariate, Very Rev. William M. Foley. Address, 1012 E. 

47th Street, Chicago, Illinois. 
Gulf Vicariate, Very Rev. Leslie J. Kavanaugh. Address, 2432 Napoleon 

Avenue, New Orleans. 
Pacific Coast Vicariate, Very Rev. Joseph M. Gleason, Palo Alto, Cal. 

In the years of national peace which for so long blessed our 
country the question of chaplains for our Army and Navy while 
an important one was not of wide range. In 1905 the Arch- 
bishops of the United States authorized the late Very Reverend 
Alexander P. Doyle, C. S. P. to act as their representative with 
the Government in the appointment of Catholic chapjains. In 
these days the chaplains were obliged to procure their faculties 
from the Bishop of the diocese in which they were stationed. 

Father Doyle devoted himself heart and soul to this work 
until his untimely death in 1912. The Reverend Louis J. 
O'Hern, C. S. P., was appointed his successor and filled the post 
most meritoriously until the outbreak of the present war. The 
vast number of Catholic chaplains needed for war service, the 

37 



38 HAND-BOOK 

government and administration of what may be called the "Army 
and Navy Service" which they form, demanded the appoint- 
ment of a Bishop with full jurisdiction. The Holy Father in 
November, 1918, appointed the Right Reverend Patrick J. 
Hayes as Bishop Ordinary of all Catholic chaplains of the United 
States. The aprpval of candidates, the care and government of 
all Catholic chaplains both at home and abroad are now under 
the immediate' jurisdiction of Bishop Hayes. Bishop Hayes 
within a very slp.ort period has shown not only his zeal but an 
unusual gift of organization. He has established an Overseas 
vicariate under the direction of Msgr. Connolly which ^hortly 
will be subdivided with vicar generals in France, England and 
Italy. He divided our country into four vicariates. In the East 
Chaplain Waring, IT. S. A., Captain in the 11th Cavalry, and who 
as a Catholic Chaplain in the Regular Army before the war de- 
voted years of time and effort toward better chaplain service in 
the Army, has over charge of the Eastern Vicariate. The Great 
Lake District or Central West is given in charge of Vicar General 
Foley. The South and the Gulf states are under the care of 
Vicar General Kavanaugh, and the Far West and Pacific Coast 
under Vicar General Gleason. 

Bishop Hayes has just returned from a visitation to all the 
camps of this country; he is now about to start on a journey 
overseas where he will visit personally the entire Allied battle 
front. 



CHAPTER III 



FORMATION OF DIOCESAN WAR 
COUNCILS 



CHAPTER III 



FORMATION OF DIOCESAN WAR 
COUNCILS 



Plan of Organization. War problems in the Diocese. Duties of 
the different Diocesan Standing Committees. Suggested 
methods of cooperation with the National Committees. Co- 
operative Work of the Parishes. 



The National Catholic War Council touches every diocese 
and every national Catholic activity, and the hope is that 
through the Diocesan War Council every Catholic man and 
woman will be interested in, and informed about, the work of 
cooperation. It is the desire of the National Catholic War 
Council that not only in every Diocese, but also in every parish 
in the country, a Catholic War Council Committee be established. 

1. SUGGESTED PLANS FOR ORGANIZATION 

The following suggestions are offered as being in general 
among the most practical for securing effective work in the 
diocese and cooperation with the national body. It is impossi- 
ble to give detailed directions that would fit the various diocesan 
conditions. The Bishops of each diocese will know what best 
answers the needs and the resources of his own diocese. Our 
suggestions therefore are as follows. The head of the Diocesan 
War Council is of course the Bishop of the Diocese. He may 
associate with himself as his Council, a Vice-President, a Secre- 
tary and a Treasurer. It is advisable to have the Diocesan 
Council operate through an Executive Committee of priests and 
laymen and women appointed by the Bishop. This Executive 
Committee will relieve the Bishops of the immediate problems 
of the war relief and will, under him, have supervision of all 
Standing Committees of the Diocesan War Council. To bring 

41 



42 HAND-BOOK 

the whole diocese into active interest, a General Committee 
might be constituted of representative men and women appointed 
by each pastor, subject to the approval of the Bishop. 

The immediate personal direction of the Bishop is the foun- 
dation on which the Diocesan War Council rests. In its pro- 
posed work of assembling and directing the resources of the 
diocese for war work, the War Council ought to have in mind 
two things : First, the realization of the demands for civic and 
Catholic war service; second, the adjustment of the work of 
the diocese with that of other sections of the Church in the 
United States in so far as the gigantic problems of war demand 
unity and coordination. The Diocesan War Council will be in 
intimate touch with -all Diocesan life. It alone is in position 
to give satisfactory direction to these war activities. The 
Diocesan War Council can gain a national outlook by coordi- 
nating its activities to the National Catholic War Council. 

There is not a Catholic parish in the United States from 
which young men have not gone to the service of the country, 
placing life itself in jeopardy for the defense of the flag. There 
is not a Catholic parish in the United States whose spirit has not 
been quickened and whose affections have not bravely followed 
the soldiers and sailors wherever duty has called them. There 
are no national and perhaps few, if any, local organizations that 
have not already undertaken many duties in war work in a 
spirit of self -forgetting patriotism. There is not a diocese from 
which material, spiritual and moral resources have not flowed in 
steady streams toward camp or battlefield or battleship where 
soldiers and sailors are prepared to fight in our defense. All of 
this is precious but perhaps incomplete. Questions have arisen 
from many sides as to the direction of the activity of our Catholic 
forces. Many have felt that what was done was good in itself 
and greatly to be admired, but that it seemed to lack the touch 
of a larger organization and a central purpose through which 
alone it might find its fullest voice. Organizations, leaders and 
localities have demanded some kind of uniformity of direction 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 43 

which would give us common terms by which to state our duties, 
to measure our activities and to meet our responsibilities with 
promptness and accurateness. 

In some sections of the country, Catholic activity tends to 
merge itself into larger civic and social movements that have 
already been so rich in promise and so glorious in achievement. 
In other localities, endeavor has been made not only to give 
wholesome cooperation to approved civic and social movements 
but also to arouse Catholic instinct for distinctive Catholic effort 
in following the soul of the soldier as well as body, feeling and 
mind as he went to the front. In certain localities, a tendency 
has developed to confine war activities to the service of soldiers 
and sailors who have gone from city or diocese, without rising to 
the concept of our national problems as a whole. This develop- 
ment has not brought the full inspiration of national purpose 
and the unity of national ideal into play. National organiza- 
tions can undertake tasks only in a national way, and anything 
else involves partial results, duplication of appeal, and failure 
to link resources into an effective system. Furthermore, cities 
near which camps are found may be overwhelmed by material, 
social, moral and civic problems. In those sections, Catholics 
may feel utterly at a loss to deal with those phases of camp life 
which the Government leaves free to voluntary effort. On the 
other hand, there are localities rich in resources but far removed 
from camp life and camp problems. Something is needed to 
coordinate all these resources in a definite and complete way, in 
order that help toward the complete adjustment of national 
Catholic life to national civic problems may be given. 

At the outset of the war, noble expressions of a unified con- 
cept of the nation's problems and of the Church's impulse to do 
her part came from the Hierarchy. Equally admirable expres- 
sions of these same points of view came from scholars and from 
lay and clerical leaders; but the action of the Church as one great 
factor in the nation's life and the coordination of its efforts and 



44 HAND-BOOK 

the direction of its resources lack that unity which is the symbol 
of power. 

The plan of organization presented in this Handbook for 
Diocesan War Council work is based upon the organization of 
the Church of the United States. It embraces all the lines of 
activities that may be taken up in any given locality. It is 
true that the dioceses where there are no camps or cantonments 
have not the same immediate problems as the others. Naturally, 
the presence of a camp or cantonment in a diocese creates prob- 
lems that are local only geographically, but in a moral, spiritual 
and civic sense, national problems must be dealt with by every 
diocese from a national outlook. If soldiers from five States of 
fifteen dioceses are found in a single cantonment, the problems 
created concern the entire Church of the country and not 
simply the dioceses in question. There are many dioceses in 
which no problems present themselves directly, but there is no 
diocese exempt from this supreme appeal to the Church to 
meet every responsibility that confronts her with uncalculating 
enthusiasm. 

The majority of soldiers are m Southern camps. Here 
problems are at a maximum and Catholic resources are at a 
minimum. Only a national outlook on the situation can mar- 
shall our resources in an orderly way and secure the full expres- 
sion of Catholic devotion with far-reaching results. 

It would be impossible for a hundred or more dioceses, for 
as many bishops and many million Catholics to coordinate 
resources and action with adequate effect unless an agency were 
created to unify effort and to suggest the essentials of satisfactory 
cooperation. 

That agency is the National Catholic War Council and its 
representative in every diocese is the Diocesan W^ar Council. 
The Standing Committees, therefore, of all diocesan war activi- 
ties may be patterned after those of the national body. To 
illustrate the work of cooperation between the dioceses and the 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 45 

national organization the foliovv^ing paragraphs are given as 
suggested outhnes for diocesan war work. 

2. COOPERATIVE COMMITTEES OF THE DIOCESAN WAR 
COUNCIL 

A. THE DIOCESAN FINANCE COMMITTEE 

The duty of this Committee is to perfect a financial organiza- 
tion of the diocese in such a way that when a drive for funds, 
either diocesan or national, is to be made, the Ordinary will have 
at his command a Committee ready to carry out the work. 
Much of the care to be given Catholic soldiers from populous 
dioceses will devolve upon localities where the Catholics are few 
in number, and the good work of these sparsely-settled com- 
munities must be sustained by the generosity of the Catholic 
people from all parts of the nation. The Diocesan Finance Com- 
mittee should consist of a group of men and women having a 
complete and intimate knowledge of the parishes of the diocese 
and tlioroughly acquainted with methods of making collections 
for drives. All local teams to be organized for such purpose 
should be under the direction of this Committee. Heads of 
societies in each diocese should be brought together and made 
acquainted with the plans of the Finance Committee, and their 
hearty cooperation should be enlisted from the beginning. 

B. THE women's ACTIVITIES COMMITTEE OF THE DIOCESE 

The program of activities for the Diocesan Women's Com- 
mittee embraces a thorough examination of present conditions of 
Catholic Women's organizations in the Diocese, their purpose, 
their numerical strength, their normal activities, and their value 
Avitli regard to war work. Efforts should be made to combine 
these local societies into a Diocesan Committee of Women's 
x\ctivities. This would coordinate the work and prevent a 
•duplication of effort and give greater facility in meeting the 
•diocesan needs. It is hardly necessary to add that as a result of 



46 HAND-BOOK 

tliis the distinctive work of each society will be strengthened 
through this cooperation. 

The following methods of war relief for Catholic Women's 
Societies are suggested: 
I. Affiliation with 

a. American Red Cross. 

b. Women's Committee, Council of National Defense. 

c. Food Administration. 

d. Local civic war agencies. 

In every instance Catholic interests can be better 
served and Catholic women's war service more widely 
directed and effectively administered through cordial 
cooperation with government and non-religious agencies. 
Catholic units do not thereby lose their identity but 
are accorded full credit for all work done, and Catholic 
cooperation is eagerly welcomed by these organizations. 
II. Cooperation in all civic movements for the stimulation 
of war interests — example: 

a. Increase Red Cross membership. 
h. Patriotic food exhibits. 

c. Advancement of food conservation program. 

d. Liberty Loan parades. 

An adequate appreciation of what Catholics are 
doing can be obtained by a willing interest in all such 
ventures as indicated above. It is an effective way to 
dissipate criticism and to break down prejudice and 
suspicion. 
III. Secure representation on every war activity or com- 
mittee in the city. 

Such representation will be cheerfully afforded when 
the request has been advanced with proper authority. 
This affords opportunity for a wider application of 
Catholic principles to the problems arising*out of war 
relief. 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 47 

IV. Cooperation with Travelers' Aid Society or the estab- 
lishment of an equivalent relief where none exists. 

The large increase in traveling on the part of 
soldiers' wives, sisters and mothers and the general 
movement on the part of women war workers has 
emphasized the need of Travelers' Aid, and Catholic 
participation in such work will mean the protection 
and relief of many Catholic girls. 

V. Cooperation in the Big Sister movement or the encour- 
agement of such activity where it does not exist. 

The natural sympathy of the young girl for the 
man in uniform and the wider opportunity for amuse- 
ment makes it imperative that detailed supervision of 
young girls should be undertaken. 

VI. The establishment of committees to keep informed of 
government needs for women employees and the spread of 
this information. 

Women workers are in great demand by the Govern- 
ment at present and with the drafting of so many 
young men from civil employment into the Army, 
a wider and wider field of labor is opened up for 
women. A real service can be done the Government 
and the individual by keeping informed of the needs 
of employer and employee. 

VII. Proper housing of girl war workers. 

In most centers throughout the country, the demand 
for the woman laborer has created a serious problem 
by throwing into unprepared communities a large 
number of young women. The problem of securing 
proper housing and proper amusement for these 
workers is most serious and pressing. Where at all 
possible, individual service in this regard should be 
afforded. 

VIII. To exercise interest and direction in the formation 
and development of girls' clubs. 



48 HAND-BOOK 

The general movement toward such organizations 
outside the Church makes it necessary that some such 
provision be afforded Cathohcs if we are to fulfill our 
duties as Catholics to the Government. 
IX. Visiting military hospitals at regular intervals, provid- 
ing fruit and delicacies, reading matter, cheerful conversation* 
The large number of sick and wounded who are 
away from home associates find homesickness and 
loneliness real hindrances to their recovery. The 
cheerful kmdly visitor can do much to lighten the 
weariness of these men and be most helpful toward 
war service. 
X. To seek service as canteen workers where such agencies 
are established by non-religious organizations. 

As this form of service has been carried out in 

many places, Dallas, St. Louis, Pittsburgh, it is 

another opportunity for manifesting a spirit of 

cooperation and of bringing Catholic influence into 

non-Catholic grounds. 

XI. To provide a light breakfast for soldiers receiving 

Holy Communion and who would, otherwise, be deprived of 

this meal. 

In many camps and cantonments, this has proved a 
very needed and interesting service and many chaplains 
have urged it as the most practical form of serving relief 
to Catholic men. Where adequate arrangements can 
be made with the Government to supply breakfast 
outside of regular hours this, of course, should be 
done. 

C. THE men's activities COMMITTEE OF THE DIOCESE 

The duty of the Men's Activities Diocesan Committee is a 
varied one. It has the responsibility of harnessing every activity 
that will tend to improve the moral and spiritual welfare of the 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL • 49 

enlisted man, and at the same time provide for him wholesome 
and innocent recreation. Among these activities, the following 
may be mentioned : 

I. Religious Work. 

a. To see that a sufficient number of Masses is provided 
for all Catholic soldiers and sailors within the training 
camps. To see that notices are posted at camps and 
railroad stations regarding the nearest Catholic 
Churches in the cities adjoining the camps, together 
with the hours of Masses. In communities where 
pamphlets are issued, giving information to enhsted 
men, the committee should see that Catholic Churches 
are mentioned therein, their location, and the hours of 
Masses. 

b. If no branch of the Catholic Big Brother Movement is 
established in the locality a sub-committee should be 
appointed, charged with looking after the boys whose 
fathers are in the service. 

c. To assist the St. Vincent de Paul Society in its work 
among the poor. It can be reasonably expected that 
war conditions will impose greater responsibility on 
this organization. 

d. To assist the local authorities in suppressing places that 
are dangerous to the morals of the soldiers. All 
Catholic agencies should be actively employed in 
cooperating with the civic authorities in this matter. 
This ought not to be left to chance, but should consti- 
tute a definite part of the activities of the Men's Com- 
mittee. 

II. Recreation Work. 

a. The Committee on Men's Activities should provide 
wholesome and innocent recreation for the soldiers, by 
encouraging all Catholic organizations to throw open 
their doors to enlisted men and also to provide special 
entertainment for them. The parish halls should be 
utilized for these special entertainments. 

b. The list of automobile owners should be made with a 



50 HAND-BOOK 

view of holding sight-seeing trips for enlisted men. A 
list of entertainers should be compiled with a view of 
furnishing special entertainments in the camps. 

c. Contests of an athletic nature between teams repre- 
senting the camps and parish organizations might be 
arranged. 

d. Magazines and periodicals should be collected to be 
forwarded to the training camps, also sheet music, 
music rolls, and phonograph records. 

e. The Knights of Columbus should be assisted in securing 
capable secretaries for the work at home, in the camps, 
and abroad. 

/. A Speakers' Bureau made up of the best Catholic men 
to go from parish to parish and arouse an interest and 
enthusiasm in the work of the Council. 

g. A Central Bureau of Information should be established 
for enlisted men to obtain advice and direction. This 
Bureau should be advertised in the camps and in 
railroad stations. 

h. Sleeping quarters for enlisted men who are on a visit to 
the city should be provided wherever possible. 

i. A list of boarding houses where Catholic men can 
obtain accommodations in Catholic surroundings should 
be advertised. 

The problems created by the presence of so many soldiers 
in cities near camps and cantonments is as serious, in its way, as 
that of the care of men who are fighting at the front. Catholic 
men of patriotic zeal have many avenues of activity opened up 
to them by this problem, whether they are residents of such 
cities or far away from the same. Today the soldier is every- 
where. His wants touch every citizen. The Diocesan Com- 
mittee on Men's Activities is a centralizing and directing agency 
for all the Catholics and for the Catholic organizations of the 
diocese. Upon it depends to a large extent whether or no the 
Catholic Church receives her due share of praise for the work the 
faithful are doing in furthering the great ends of the war. 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 51 

D. DIOCESAN COMMITTEE ON HISTORICAL RECORDS 

The purpose of the Diocesan Committee on Historical 
Records shall be tt) act as a central board in directing the work of 
collecting war history material throughout the diocese. It 
should prepare programs of activity for the use of parochial 
committee on historical records. It should direct by corre- 
spondence and by personal visit the kind of material to be col- 
lected and suggest plans for its being sent to the National Catholic 
Archives at Washington. All historical material concerning 
Catholic activity in the diocese should be collected, preserved, 
filed and properly indexed; one copy should be placed in the Dio- 
cesan Archives, and another copy sent to the National Committee 
on Historical Records, at 932 14th street, N. W., Washington, 
D.C. 

It would be well to have appointed in each ecclesiastical center 
someone to take charge of the local Catholic papers, and Catholic 
press clippings should be made of every item in any way pertain- 
ing to the history of Catholic war activity in the diocese. Prizes 
should be offered on such subjects as the diocesan records in the 
war, and a grand prize should be offered for the best written 
history of diocesan activity, to be given at the close of the war 
so as to stimulate the pupils of the parochial schools and the 
colleges to be on the lookout for all historical material. 

The one main duty, however, of the Diocesan Committee on 
Historical Records is to complete a census of the men who have 
entered the service. Cards or blanks should be sent broadcast 
to the families in the diocese, askmg for the name and home ad- 
dress of each soldier, his branch of service, and the name of his 
nearest relative. A file should be kept of all promotions, honors, 
decorations, etc., given to the men in the service from the diocese. 
A Casualty List of the diocese should also be kept. Copies of 
all these lists should be filed with the Chancellor of the diocese 
and with the National Committee at Washington. 



52 HAND-BOOK 

E. DIOCESAN COMMITTEE ON CHAPLAINS* AID 

Every diocese should constitute itself a Chapter of the 
Chaplains' Aid Association. Chaplains' outfits, New Testa- 
ments, Prayer Books, Rosaries, Scapulars, Medals, Catechisms, 
ReHgious Pamphlets, Tracts on Social Hygiene and on General 
Health, Religious Books, Magazines, Periodicals, Crucifixes, 
etc., etc., are some of the things needed in every Regiment, and 
on every warship of our Forces. The entire Church in the 
United States must meet these demands, and every parish in the 
counti-y should be united into the Diocesan Chapter for the work 
to be successful. It will be to the everlasting credit of the diocese 
if, after the war, its part in this laudable portion of war service 
has been in proportion to its numbers and to its wealth. 

3. NATIONAL AND DIOCESAN COOPERATION 

The National Catholic War Council does not interfere in 
any way in Diocesan Local war activities, but leaves to them 
a full scope. It offers its service to these diocesan war councils 
and is most willing to render any assistance in its power to supply 
local needs or to remedy defects. This cooperation can only be 
accomplished through the Ordinary of the Diocese. *From him 
all activities find their normal origin. Through his zeal and co- 
operation alone can success come to organized effort. 

4. COOPERATIVE WORK OF THE PARISHES 

It will be seen that this work of the national organization 
seeks to bring into coordinated service all the resources of the 
Church in the United States. For its full completion we must 
reach every individual Catholic. To achieve that it is not suffi- 
cient to have a National Catholic War Council and a Diocesan 
War Council in every diocese. The entu'e flock must actually 
support their shepherd, the parishes must zealously cooperate 
under the leadership of their Bishop. 

The parish is the supreme testing place for the length and 
breadth and depth of Catholic patriotism. It is from the parish 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAK COUNCIL 53 

that the Diocesan War Council must expect its most thorough 
cooperation. Apart from the patriotic motive which must 
inspire these parochial units, there is another reason' that 
should appeal very strongly to the pastor and people : The world 
will never be the same after this great war, for there is some- 
thing more than political ideas at stake. This war is a war 
of Christian morality against pagan materialism, and there is a 
greater crisis to come in the moral world after the war is over 
than in the political or economic world. The world is fighting its 
way back to Christianity and to Christian moral principles and 
uiiless a strong public opinion in recognition of the sacrifices of 
the Catholic Church of the United States has been created, dis- 
crimination, lack of confidence and probably open opposition 
will later result. It is needless to emphasize that in the per- 
fection of Catholic organization the parochial unit is the heart 
of all Catholic endeavor. To an already over-burdened clergy, 
the National Catholic War Council must look for inspiration, 
for response, and for patriotic self-sacrifice. 

Governmental agencies are making a distinction between 
strictly denominational work and cooperative work. The 
strictly denominational work of the Catholic Church during 
the present war is hardly more than a strengthening and vital- 
izing of the agencies already in existence. Among these, may 
be mentioned the St. Vincent de Paul's Society, the Holy Name 
Society and the Sodalities of the Blessed Virgm. These three 
bodies will be kindled with new zeal in their religious life, since 
it is taking on a new aspect through the inspiration of patriotic 
effort. These societies will become stronger; their membership 
will become greater; their individual and cooperative work more 
intense and more constant. In this strictly Catholic work, the 
activities of these different societies have the inherent capacity 
for growth, and they can do very much without in any way 
infringing upon the work of the Committee for Men's Activities. 
In this strictly Catholic parochial war work, the pastor is not only 
the leader and guide, but it is from him that the inspiration for all 



54 HAND-BOOK 

such activity must come. The spiritual side of the war, that side 
which has been so eloquently represented in the letters of our 
Holy Father Benedict XV, and in his prayers for peace, can here 
find a proper field. The religious side of the war should be 
brought home constantly to the men who are members of the 
Holy Name Society, and their meetings should be made, as far 
as possible, to center around the great ideal of prayer for the 
boys who are at the front, and especially for peace. The 
sodalities should be made to understand the preeminent place the 
devotion of the Mother of God has had in the great crises of the 
past. They need only be told of that crisis which came in the 
third quarter of the sixteenth century, when civilization met a 
great enemy in the Turk, and how at the battle of Lepanto it was 
the prayers of Cathalic Europe to the Blessed Mother which 
brought the world victory from its foes. They need only be told 
of the place the Rosary has held all through the centuries in 
winning victory after victory for the Catholic nations of the past. 
The members of the St. "Vincent de Paul Society need only to 
open those pages of the history of France which tell of the awful 
chaos of the French Revolution to find inspiration and stimulus 
for the new activities that can justly be attempted by them. 
The parish itself as a body can be made into a community of 
prayer for guidance for the President and the members of his 
cabinet, for the members of Congress, for the leaders of the Army 
and Navy, and for all those who are guiding the United States on 
to victory. 

To suggest methods of war activities for all parishes of the 
United States would be to go into a too lengthy detailed state- 
ment of what the country is asking of its citizens at the present 
time. The main, important thing to be said in this respect is 
that every parish must realize that the work they must do in the 
present war will, undoubtedly, be continued for many years. 
The parish must awake to the fact that It has a responsibility not 
only withm its own boundary lines, but to the nation at large and 
to the Church at large. The formation of a national body such 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 55 

as the National Catholic War Council does not relieve the parish 
of its responsibilities, nor does it lessen its program of intelligent 
cooperation with the governmental agencies of war service. 

In each parish of the diocese wherever practical, and the 
Bishop so directs, a Parochial War Council should be established 
with the Pastor as the head. In forming it he may with advan- 
tage follow as far as possible the outline with regard to the 
Parochial Executive Committee and the Parochial Standing 
Committees which has been suggested above for Diocesan War 
Councils. Every Parochial War Council when formed is of 
course under the supervision of its Diocesan War Council. 

When thus organized, the parochial war units of the diocese 
have it in their power, therefore, to form a strong central organ- 
ization in which no single aspect of war service will be denied its 
legitimate place. These units should endeavor to seek out all 
existing forces in the parish and to bring them into intelligent 
and sympathetic relationship, so that all waste and friction and 
inefficiency may be avoided. These units should be so thor- 
oughly one in spirit and in method that the Diocesan War 
Council may be prepared to give adequate cooperation in the 
new problems of war service and reconstruction which may have 
to be faced when the war is over. 



CHAPTER IV 

GOVERNMENTAL AND SUPPLEMENTAL 
AGENCIES IN WAR WORK 



57 



CHAPTER IV 

GOVERNMENTAL AND SUPPLEMENTAL 
AGENCIES IN WAR WORK 

1. NECESSITY OF COOPERATION 

The war has mobihzed every resource of the American na- 
tion for the one purpose of bringing victory to the ideals of the 
aUied world. No individual in this great land of ours can stand 
without the circle of war-workers. From the moment that a 
state of war was declared between this country and Germany, 
the watch-word tiu'ned from preparedness to cooperation. 
Individual cooperation has been accepted by the Government 
whenever it has been found valuable. But it is the coopera- 
tion of organized bodies in the land which is best suited for 
the work the Government has outlined as its support. The 
Government has called first for cooperation with regard to the 
national needs of the different churches of the land. The situa- 
tion in camp, in city, and in the army which has presented so 
many problems requiring good will and amicable consultation 
by representatives of the different churches, makes such coopera- 
tion imperative. Standing fully erect on the God-given plat- 
form of his divine faith, the Catholic not only may, but should 
cooperate in these great civic and patriotic measures which are 
common to us all as citizens. No one will deny that the most 
highly centralized religious body in the world as well as in 
every nation is the Catholic Church. With its perfect system 
of jurisdiction it is one of the most vital factors in the nation's 
life whether in time of war or in time of peace. The Catholic 
Church stands as the most stable moral force within the nation. 
Its moral principles are fundamental to every Christian problem 
which arises, and its federated responsibility renders it one of 
the efficacious means of cooperation with the definite program 
of war work which the Government has outlined. 

59 



60 hand-book: 

The different Protestant denominations have organized for 
war purposes under the title "The General War-Time Commis- 
sion of the Federal Churches of Christ in America:" the Jews, 
orthodox and reformed, under "The Jewish Welfare Board of 
the United States Army and Navy." The national organization 
for the war work of the CathoKc Church is the "National Cath- 
ohc War Council." Ail of these are asked to cooperate with gov- 
ernmental agencies on war work. The problems of the Govern 
ment are in many cases common to all and only a common under- 
standing can contribute to national well-being. It is our duty to 
manifest a spirit of cooperation in national and in local problems. 
And it is our duty also to cooperate with all the agencies of 
national war work that the Government has established. 

It would be impossible to give a complete description of the 
governmental agencies; but a description of the principal ones 
will be sufficient to enable each distinct unit of the National 
Catholic War Council to find the best scope for its activities. 
In the following pages the chief governmental and social agencies 
are outlined, and the Chairmen of the different Committees of 
the Diocesan War Councils and of the parochial units will find 
these agencies at all times most wiRing to give direction and to 
assist in the work of speedy and accurate cooperation with their 
plans. The following statements have been in each case pre- 
pared by the officials of the agencies in question, and the 
National Catholic War Council desires to place here on historical 
record its appreciation of the courtesy with which their requests 
for these statements have been met. 

2. THE PRINCIPAL AGENCIES OF COOPERATION 
A. GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES 

I. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 

Secretary of Treasury, Hon. William G. McAdoo 

Bureau of War -Risk Insurance 

Assistant Secretary, Mr. Thomas B, Love 
(Address, Treasury Dept., Wash., D. C.) 

What the United States Government does for its fighting men 
and their families. 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAE COUNCIL 61 

The United States Government provides three forms of 
financial protection for its fighting forces and their families: 

a. Allotments and Allowances. 

Every enlisted man in the active military or naval service is 
under a duty to allot $15 a month from his pay to his wife and 
children. To these compulsory allotments the Government adds 
family allmvances, ranging from $5 a month for a motherless 
child, and $15 for a wife without children, up to a maximum of 
$50. The compulsory allotments are the same for all enlisted 
men, regardless of rank or pay. Provision is also made covering 
instances of a divorced wife to whom alimony has been decreed 
and who has not remarried. 

In addition to the compulsory allotments, the enlisted man 
may also make voluntary allotments to his parents, grandparents, 
brothers, sisters, or grandchildren, and, if they are dependent upon 
him for support, the Government may add certain monthly 
family allowances. Not more than $50 in family allowances will 
be paid on account of any one enlisted man. 

If the enlisted man is already making a compulsory allotment 
to his wife and children, he need allot only $5 additional to his 
brothers, sisters, parents, grandparents, and grandchildren, if 
he desires a family allowance for them. But if he is not making a 
compulsory allotment, he must allot $15 to such other relatives 
to obtain a government allowance for them. 

By this system of allotments and allowances the enlisted man 
and the Government together make provision for the loved ones 
left behind. 

h. Compensation for Death or Disability. 

This compensation is the modern American substitute for the 
pension. It applies to officers and enlisted men alike when 
employed in active service, regardless of rank or pay, and is 
payable for death or disability incurred in the line of duty and not 
caused by their own willful misconduct. 

In case of death, compensation, which ranges from $20 to 



62 HAND-BOOK 

$75 a month, is paid to the soldier's or sailor's widow, children, 
and dependent father or mother. No other relatives are entitled to 
compensation. The compensation may be paid to a widow until 
remarriage, and to a child until the age of eighteen, or until 
marriage. 

In case of disability compensation is payable to the disabled 
person himself. If the disability is total, the amount of com- 
pensation varies from $30 to $95 per month, according to the 
size of the disabled man's family. In exceptional cases a sum 
not exceeding $20 per month additional may be paid for services 
of a nurse. 

If the disability is 'partial, the compensation is a percentage of 
the compensation that would be payable for total disability and 
the amount varies according to the size of the disabled person's 
family and the reduction in his earning capacity. In certain 
specific cases of total disability, such as the loss of both feet or 
both hands or both eyes, or for becoming helpless and perma- 
nently bedridden, compensation is payable at the rate of $100 
per month. 

Compensation for death and disability should be clearly dis- 
tinguished from the Government insurance protection, which is 
entirely separate. 

c. Government Insurance, 

In addition to the compensation for death or disability, the 
United States offers its fighting forces the further protection of 
Government insurance. This insurance is protection against 
death or total permanent disability. It is granted on written 
application and the payment of premium to all persons in the 
active military or naval service, enlisted, enrolled, drafted, or 
commissioned. No medical examination is necessary other than 
a favorable report by the Army or Navy surgeon or medical, exam- 
ining board before acceptance by the military or naval forces. 
Because the Government bears all overhead expenses and the 
extra war hazard, the cost is extremely low. The terms are so 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 63 

favorable and the protection so broad that virtually all men 
joining the colors, both married and unmarried, with and without 
dependents, are eagerly taking the full amount — namely, $10,000, 
The premium rate depends on the man's age, and for the full 
$10,000 averages between $6 and $7 a month. 

To obtain this Government insurance, the man must apply 
within 120 days after he enters the active military or naval service. 

In case of death of a person having so applied for $10,000 
insurance, the Government will pay, so long as there are persons 
living who are entitled to receive the same, monthly instalments 
of $57.50 each for twenty years, which, taking interest in account, 
aggregate $13,800. The insurance cannot be made payable to 
anyone except those included in the "permitted class," namely, 
spouse, child, grandchild, parent, brother, or sister, as defined in 
the War-Risk Insurance Act. 

In case of total permanent disability these monthly install- 
ments of $57.50 each will be paid to the disabled person through- 
out his life even though he lives for more than twenty years. 

Provision is made for the continuation of this Government 
insurance after leaving the service, and for its conversion under 
the provisions of the Act, without medical examination, not later 
than five years after the close of the war. In addition to its 
other advantages, therefore, this insurance, backed by all the 
resources of the United States Government, enables the fighting 
man to insure his insurability, regardless of his physical condition 
after the war. 

These three forms of Government aid — allotments and 
allowances, compensation for death or disability, and United 
States Government insurance — are grouped together under the 
War-Risk Insurance Act, approved by the President on October 
6, 1917, and administered, under the direction of the Secretary 
of the Treasury, by the Bureau of War-Risk Insurance. 

This is the greatest measure of protection ever offered to its 
fighting forces by any nation in the history of the world. | It is 
not charity; it is in the essence" of justice to the gallant men who 



64 HAND-BOOK 

have gone to the colors, and to their loved ones at home. It 
strengthens America's fighting forces as they go forth to battle; 
it safeguards the families left behind; and by its broad and gen- 
erous provisions it takes from war its chief terror — fear for the 
future. 

In addition to administering the War-Risk Insurance Act, 
the Bureau of War-Risk Insurance is authorized to act for men 
in the active military service, under the provision of the Soldiers' 
and Sailors' Civil Relief Act, approved March 8, 1918, in the 
matter of the lapsing or forfeiture of certain specified life insur- 
ance contracts, either in life insurance companies or fraternal 
orders or organizations. 

If the Government guarantees to the insurance company or 
organization the pajnnent of premiums, the policy will remain 
in force, and the man in service will have one year after the end 
of military service in which to pay any defaulted premiums, 
before the policy or membership lapses. 

The benefits of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act are 
available only upon application. The act applies only to persons 
in the service from March 8, 1918 (the date of the approval of 
the act), and to persons entering active service after that date, 
from such date of entry. 

The insurance under the Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief 
Act does not apply to Government insurance issued by the 
Bureau of War Risk Insurance. 

Persons having busmess with the Bureau of War-Risk 
Insurance can help themselves and increase the efficiency of the 
Bureau very materially in the followmg ways : 

1. By giving all the necessary information in their letters, includ- 
ing their own full names and post-office addresses, and the 
name, rank, and organization of the soldier or sailor concerning 
whom they are writing. 

2. By using a clear, legible hand- writing — if necessary, print 
hand-writing. Give full names always; initials are not 
enough. 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAE COUNCIL 65 

3. By addressing all claims for compensation, allowances, or 
insurance, directly to the Bureau of War-Risk Insurance. U 
is unnecessary to employ claim agents. 

4. By promptly notifying the Bureau of all changes in family 
status. 

5. By giving the allotment number in all correspondence^con- 
cerning allotments and allowances. 

6. By remembering that allotments and allowances are^^not 
payable the same month in which they are made. Allotments 
from July pay, for example, are not due until August. Persons 
remembering this will save themselves unnecessary worry, and 
the Bureau unnecessary correspondence. 

7. By urging their relatives and friends who are in the military 
and naval service of the Nation to avail themselves promptly 
of the full $10,000 Government Insurance protection. The 
time within which application can be made is strictly limited 
by law to within 120 daj^s after the man joins the service. 

8. By remembering that allotments are compulsory only for the 
wife and children of an enlisted man, including a former wife 
divorced, who has not reniarried, and to whom alimony has 
been decreed. Allotments for parents, grandparents, grand- 
children, brothers and sisters, are voluntary, and Government 
allowances will be granted to these relative only in cases of 
dependency, provided the necessary allotments are made by 
the enlisted man. 

Additional literature, detailed information, and the necessary 
application blanks concerning any or all features of the War- 
Risk Insurance Act may be had by writing to the Bureau of 
War -Risk Insurance, Treasury Department, Washington, D. C. 

II. DEPARTMENT OF WAR AND NAVY 

Secretary of War, Hon. Newton D. Baker 
Secretary of Navy, Hon. Josephus M. Daniels 

Commissions on Training Camp Activities 

Chairman, Mr. Raymond B. Fosdick 

Secretary, Mr. W. Prentice Sanger 

(Address: 19th and G Streets, N. W., Washington, D. C.) 

President Wilson has stated that he does not believe it an 
exaggeration to say that no army and navy ever before assembled 
have had more conscientious and painstaking thought given to 
the protection and stimulation of their mental, moral and 
physical manhood than the American armies at the present 



66 HAND-BOOK 

time, and that in this work The Commissions on Training Camp 
Activities are to be given the credit for the wonderful success 
attained so far. 

The Commissions on Training Camp Activities have their 
offices at 19th and G Streets, N. W., Washmgton, D. C. Mr. 
Raymond B. Fosdick is Chairman of these Committees. 

The twin Commissions on Training Camp Activities — one 
for the War Department and one for the Navy Department — 
which were appointed by Secretary Baker and Secretary Daniels 
early in the war, are charged with the responsibility of cultivat- 
ing and conserving the manhood and man-power of America's 
fighting forces. By a comprehensive recreational and educa- 
tional program, and by strict enforcement of vice and liquor 
laws, the Commissions aim to surround the men in service with 
an environment which is not only clean and wholesome but 
positively inspiring — the kind of environment which a democ- 
racy owes to those who fight in its behalf. 

When one considers that the hundreds of thousands of men 
who are pouring into army and navy camps have left behind 
them their families, friends, clubs, church and college gather- 
ings, their dances, their athletic fields, their theatres and town 
libraries — in fact all the normal social relationships to which 
they have been accustomed — and have entered the bewildering 
environment of a war camp, the absolute need of some sort of 
substitute becomes apparent. Contentment for the average 
man cannot be maintained without the normal relationships of 
life, and it is only a contented army and navy which is in real 
fighting trim. 

That is why the Government has supplied, through the 
Commissions and through the organizations which they co- 
ordinate, abundant recreation in the form of theatrical enter- 
tainment, athletics, mass singing, club life, educational oppor- 
tunities within camps, and organized hospitality in war camp 
communities. The Commissions' athletic directors, boxing in- 
structors, song leaders, theatre managers and dramatic enter- 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 67 

tainment coaches, who are on the payroll of the Government, 
together with the thousands of representatives of the Y. M. C. A., 
Knights of Columbus, Jewish Welfare Board, American Library 
Association, Y. W. C. A. and War Camp Community Service, 
are busy today ministering to the social needs of the million and 
a half men training in our camps. And behind it all is one big 
purpose — to win the war. 

Such are the diversions which the Commissions set up to 
compete with those harmful attractions traditionally associated 
with training camps. The other side of the Commissions' 
activities is found in their work of law enforcement and social 
hygiene education which is aimed directly to prevent spread of 
venereal disease — a factor which, as is well known, is most de- 
structive of military efficiency. The War and Navy Depart- 
ments at the very outbreak of war took the position that alcohol 
and the prostitute must be kept absolutely away from the 
soldier and sailor. The Law Enforcement and Social Hygiene 
Divisions of the Commissions' work act in cooperation with 
various agencies to suppress these evils. 

The Twin Commissions on Training Camp Activities have 
divided their work into two sections: Leisure Time Activities 
inside the Camps and Leisure Time Activities outside the Camp. 
The Leisure Time Activities inside the Camps are being directed 
by the Y. M. C. A., by the K. of C. and by other organizations, 
such as the Jewish Welfare Board and the American Library 
Association. These activities include athletics, singing, general 
entertainment, theatricals, moving pictures and educational 
work. The Leisure Time Activities outside the Camps are 
being directed by the War Camp Community Service Commis- 
sion. The Catholic clergy and in particular the Diocesan Com- 
mittee on Men's Activities are urged to contribute as much of 
their time as possible to the work of the War Camp Community 
Service. This work is being directed by the Playground and 
Recreation Association of America. Its aim is to stimulate a 
wholesome friendliness between civilians in community near 



68 HAND-BOOK 

camps and the figliling men. The definite accomplishments of 
the War Camp Community Service fall naturally into five 
divisions : 

1. Community Service. 

Information bureaus, hotels, lodgings and restaurants have 
been opened for the men in service. 

2. Communiiy Hospitality. 

Hundreds of clubs are maintained where a man's uniform is 
the only pass necessary. Community houses and social 
centers are operated. Dances, suppers and banquets, excur- 
sions and sight-seeing trips are planned. The "Take a 
Soldier or Sailor Home to Dinner" movement, under the 
supervision of the trained workers of the War Camp Com- 
munity Service, has become an enthusiasm throughout the 
country. The Commissions on Training Camp Activities 
endorse home hospitality under these circumstances. 

3. Commu7iity Amusement. 

Town pageants, festivals and parades are arranged for the 
men. Commercial amusements are supervised to see that the 
men get only the best and most wholesom.e for their money. 

4. Communiiy Organization. 

To provide the men in training with the right kind of leisure- 
time recreation, the resources of clubs, fraternal bodies, 
chambers of commerce, boards of trade, churches and similar 
organizations are mobilized by the War Camp Community 
Service. 

5. Communiiy Betterment. 

In many towns petty profiteering has been eliminated by the 
War Camp Community Service. "Square Deal" associa- 
tions and "Better Business" bureaus have been formed. In 
general, the slogan of the camp city is not "What can we get 
out of the man in service?" but "What can we do for him.?" 

The work of the War Camp Community Service is vital. 
Preservation cf normal social relationship between the people and 
the men in training is an essential part of our military program. 
The War Camp Community Service accomplishes this preserva- 
tion. The Commissions discourage sentimentality toward the 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAE COUNCIL 69 

soldier and sailor, but they encourage attractive and healthful 
diversions. These are the things which American municipali- 
ties owe to the Nation's fighting men. 

III. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 

Secretary of Agriculture, Hon. David R. HousTOi>f 

States Relations Service 

Director, Mr. A. C. True 
(Address: Dept. of Agriculture, The Mall, Washington, D. C.) 

Food production and food conservation are immediately and 
increasingly necessary for the prosecution of the war. Through 
the annihilation of nations and the employment of all able- 
bodied men to fight the common enemy, production has de- 
creased, while the submarines have put vast continents out of 
consideration as a source of food. At present the United States 
and Canada stand alone as defenders against the world's food 
shortage. Hungry people lose courage. A serious food short- 
age in England, France or Italy increases the danger that their 
people may demand a premature peace and the consequent 
disaster to the ideals for which our armies fight. 

With the boys of your own church in France, laying down 
their lives for our liberty, and the liberty of all peoples, we look 
to you as the leader of your people to assist those agencies work- 
ing in your community to increase the world's food supply. 
May we suggest as the best means whereby you may effectively 
cooperate in this cause, that, if you are not already in touch 
with them, you get acquainted with your county agricultural 
agent, county (woman) home demonstration agent, and county 
boj^s' and girls' club leader. If you do not have their names 
they can be secured by addressing the Director of Agricultural 
Extension at your State Agricultural College. If you will ex- 
press your interest in their work and your willingness to be of 
assistance these local leaders in food production and conserva- 
tion will be only too glad to avail themselves of your aid and to 
consult with you. 

• The present situation gives a peculiar religious significance 



70 HAND-BOOK 

to the production and conservation of food. Good agriculture 
is basically religious. The farmer is a co-worker with God in 
answering the peoples' prayer for daily bread. In this common 
cause of religion and patriotism we are looldng to the clergy of 
the United States not only for spiritual leadership, but for their 
influence and activity in the various movements and measures 
being promoted by the cooperating national, state and county 
organizations. Your vision may focus and your leadership may 
radiate and inspire those ideals and attitudes in your people 
which will result in the consecration of their whole lives to the 
cause of freedom for which we fight. 

We are asking the clergy of the United States to inform them- 
selves thoroughly with regard to what is being done and what 
may be done in their own communities towards food production 
and conservation, and to assist by giving their powerful support 
to the agencies promoting the agricultural production program 
of their local communities. 

The war may be won or lost by our ability to furnish food. 
Our duty is absolute. We count upon your help. 

The Office of Home Economics is a part of the States Rela- 
tions Service and is engaged in the study of problems relating to 
food, clothing, household equipment, and household labor, and 
the dissemination of information on these subjects by printed 
documents and in other ways. As a result of the war situation 
attention has been centered very largely upon food and its 
economical use, in conformity with the general food situation. 
In this work we have endeavored to interest housekeepers in 
food problems and to help them in meeting them. In connec- 
tion with our work we have also carried on an extensive food 
survey in homes and public institutions, in which we have asked 
housekeepers to collect statistical data regarding food consumed 
in their families. This a considerable number have been willing 
to do and among the public institutions helping have been a 
number of Roman Catholic schools. Our mailing lists include 
many of your convent schools and the letters we have received 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 71 

regarding the material sent leads us to believe that our bulletins 
and charts have been found useful. 

In carrying on the work of the Office of Home Economics we 
have endeavored to keep in touch with teachers and other 
leaders in home economics work by means of publications, cor- 
respondence, etc. 

The Office of Extensio'n Work in the North and West and 
the Office of Extension Work in the South are also parts of the 
States Relations Service and the Office of Home Economics 
endeavors so to shape its work that it can provide information 
which can be used by these offices, which are engaged in exten- 
sion teaching in agriculture and home economics and come more 
directly in contact with the people in country and town than does 
the Office of Home Economics. Individuals and organizations 
can help on food conservation work by working with the exten- 
sion people and can be helped in the work by using such bulletins 
and other printed documents as are issued by this office. 

IV. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 

Secretary of Labor, Hon. William B. Wilson 

A. United States Housing Corporation 

Director, Mr. Otto M. Eidlitz 
Manager, Mr. James Ford 
(Address: 1712 G Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.) 

Catholic organizations can cooperate with this bureau by 
calling to its attention housing or other social needs of any com- 
munity engaged on war contracts. Local cases of rent profiteer- 
ing should be reported to the Homes Registration and Informa- 
tion Division of this bureau. 

The Bureau of Industrial Housing and Transportation of 
the Department of Labor (613 G Street, N. W„ Washington, 
D. C.) was established in February, 1918, to provide for the 
housing of labor in war industries. 

The United States Housing Corporation was incorporated 
on July 11, to carry on all the new construction of the Bureau. 

Adequate labor supply cannot be secured and held at centers 



72 HAND-BOOK 

of ordnance manufacture unless the workmen and their families 
can have reasonable dwellings. The function of the Bureau of 
Industrial Housing and Transportation is therefore, to arrange 
for housing labor employed on Army and Navy contracts; by 

1. Discovering and listing all vacant dwellings and rooms, and 

organizing local Homes Registration Service. 
II. Opening up the suburbs throu*gh improved transportation 
facilities. 
III. Construction of new temporary or permanent dwellings, and 
by building communities of houses where large operations 
are needed. 

The chief officials of the Bureau are the following : 

Director and President of the Corporation. — Otto M. Eidlitz. 
Assistant Director and Vice-President of the Corporation. — 

J. D. Leland, 3rd. 
General Manager and Secretary of the Corporation. — B. L. 

Fenner. 

All new construction is handled by the five divisions, 
having complete charge of the preparation of plans and 
specifications and layouts, establishing standards of design and 
construction and supervising all the plans and the cons trucl ion 
by the local architects, engineers, town planners and contractors 
for each project: 

B. Working Boys' Reserve. 

Director, Mb. William E. Hall 
(Address: 1712 G Street, N. W., Wash., D. C.) 

The United States Boys' Working Reserve is a registered 
army of patriotic j^oung men of the ages of 16 to 20 years, both 
inclusive, organized under the Employment Service of the 
United States Department of Labor, to help the nation win the 
war in field and in factory. Its history begins May 1917. In 
twelve months it has effected its organization in every State of 
the Union, including the District of Columbia, and m the Terri- 
tory of Hawan. Thousands of boys have enrolled into its 
membership. 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 73 

The organization of the Reserve is by States, with a Federal 
State Director in charge of every State Division; the States are, 
usually, organized into County Units, with a County Director 
in charge of the Reserve work of the county. The County 
Director is responsible to the Federal State Director. The 
Federal State Director is responsible to the National Director 
in Washington. Enrollment is made through schools, libraries, 
and other organizations. Enrolling Officers, one or more, are ap- 
pointed by the County Director for every high school in the 
county and are commissioned to their office by a national com- 
mission emanating from Washington and countersigned by the 
Federal State Director. 

To enroll in the Reserve the young man applies to the En- 
rolling Officer of his school, or to his Reserve County Director, 
or to the Librarian of the Public Library, or to his Association 
or finally to his Federal State Director. He fills out an enroll- 
ment card; obtains the consent of his parent or guardian; takes 
the Oath of Service; and receives an Enrollment Certificate 
bearing the great seal of the United States, and an Enrollment 
Badge. 

He can serve his country in any one of these three separate 
units of the Reserve : the Agricultural Unit, the Industrial Unit, 
and the Vocational Training Unit. If he enters the Agricul- 
tural Unit he probably will live in a farmer's family or will work 
on a farm from a camp as one of a group who live together there 
under competent leadership and providing their own commis- 
sary; and after six weeks of six days a week or at least eight 
hours a day of satisfactory service is entitled to receive the 
Federal Badge of Honor bearing the great seal of the United 
States. If he enters the Industrial Unit he wi^U work in some 
industry which is essential to winning the war and will gain the 
Federal Badge of Honor when he has rendered ten weeks of six 
days a week of eight hours a day of satisfactory service. The 
Reserve recommends that all boys who are at school remain 
there and that they use their spare time in vocational training 



74 HAND-BOOK 

for some "essential" occupation. The boy who submits him- 
self to this training and goes into active service after training in 
some "war essential" occupation may enter the Reserve as a 
member of the Vocational Training Unit, and so is entitled, 
upon taking employment, to the Federal Badge of Honor. 

The Federal State Diitector is assisted by County Directors, 
all commissioned by the central office in Washington. The 
County Director associates with himself prominent men and 
women of the local community. He presents the following 
program : 

1. Enroll the boys of Reserve age in the county. 

2. To provide simple and practical courses of training in the 
elements of farm processes. 

3. To inspect the farms of farmers who desire to employ boys 
enrolled and to see to it that the living and working conditions 
upon those farms conform to standard. 

4. Arrange for the supervision of boys at their work so that every 
boy at work in the county shall be visited by a responsible 
supervisor at frequent intervals and at least once a week 
during the working season. No group of boys so visited by 
any one supervisor should exceed twenty-five. 

5. Arrange to organize the leisure time of boys employed, whether 
this employment is in groups, or whether it is in units. The 
organization of the leisure time of boys is positively necessary 
for city boys, first for their encouragement in their new and 
unusual surroundings, and next for the increase of their work- 
ing efficiency. "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." 

6. The enrollment of boys is accomplished by the appointing in 
every high school in the county one or more persons in that 
school to be Enrolling Offi.cers to enroll the boys under their 
immediate charge into the Reserve. 

C. Department of Labor, U. S. Employment Service. 

Director, Mr. John B. Densmore 
(Address, 1712 G Street, N. W., Wash., D. C.) 

The United States Employment Service is the arm of Depart- 
ment of Labor through which the Government's centralized w^ar 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 75 

labor supplying program is being executed. Established ten 
years ago, the Service was reorganized and tremendously ex- 
panded in January, 1 918, to serve as the National machine for the 
mobilization of America's industrial army. Six months later, in 
June, 1918, all the production departments and boards of the 
Government, represented by the War Labor Policies Board, 
centralized in the Employment Service the recruiting and supply- 
ing of labor for war production. This was approved by the 
President on June 17, 1918. 

The centralization program, effective August 1, 1918, as 
regards unskilled labor and later extended to cover skilled labor, 
gave to the United States Employment Service a virtual mon- 
opoly of the recruiting and distributing of labor for war pro- 
duction. 

The Employment Service operates through more than 500 
branch offices in the agricultural and industrial centers and 
20,000 volunteer agents. The branch offices constitute the plac- 
ing arm of the Service and the latter the recruiting arm. This 
recruiting service is known as the Public Service Reserve of the 
Employment Service and in addition to recruiting labor to be 
placed in war industries, including the farms, through the branch 
employment offices, registers engineers and other highly skilled 
men for Government service. The 20,000 agents cover every 
county and township in the country. 

The Employment Service has a highly decentralized adminis- 
trative system in order that the application of its program to 
States and communities may be flexible and adapted to local 
conditions. The national head is the Director General at 
Washington. 

Ther^ are thirteen District Superintendents. Every State 
has a Federal Director of the United States Employment Service 
who is in charge of the branch offices within his State. 

The office of the Director General at Washington includes a 
number of divisions and sections which specialize in labor 
supplying. Among these are the Farm Service Division, 
Woman's Division, Unskilled Labor Section and Skilled Labor 



76 HAND-BOOK 

Section. Similar specialization is had in the larger branch offices, 
there being in them special divisions for supplying railroad, farna, 
dock, mining and woman labor. 

The employers and employees of the country share in the 
administration of the centralized war labor supplying program — 
from the determination of the personnel to the application of the 
general principles. This is done through a system of State 
advisory boards and community labor boards. 

The State advisory boards each consist of two representa- 
tives each of the employers and employees of each State and the 
State director of the Employment Service, who is chairman. 
The community labor boards are composed of one representative 
each of the community's employers and employees and a repre- 
sentative of the Employment Service, the latter bemg chairman. 
The community boards have general charge of the recruitment 
and distribution of labor among local industries, utilizing the 
branch offices and Reserve agents of the Employment Service. 
The State advisory boards are courts of appeal from the decisions 
of the community boards and determine the application of the 
program to the entire State. 

In keeping with the Department of Labor's policy of repre- 
sentative joint administration, the State advisory boards and the 
community boards themselves were selected by State organiza- 
tion committees, composed of a representative each of employers 
and employees and the State director of the Employment Service. 
In all cases, employers' and workers' representatives were chosen 
by employers' organizations or the State federations of labor. 

The emploj^ment Service is now engaged in combing the 
country for unskilled workers and for machinists, tool makers, 
diesinkers and other skilled craftsmen vitally needed for war 
production. In transferring workers from non war work to war 
work, care is exercised that the burden on non war industries is 
equalized. 

The following four cardinal principles underlie the war labor 
recruiting program : 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 77 

1. War work must have men at any cost. 

2. Withdrawals of workers from non-essential industries for war 
industries will be equalized. 

3. The volunteer principle will be followed in dealing with the 
individual worker. 

4. Only fit men will be sent to war industries. 

Following are the national administrative officers: 

John B. Densmore, Director General. 

Nathan A. Smyth, Acting Assistant Director General and Chief 

of the Unskilled Labor Section. 
William E. Hall, National Director of the Public Service 

Reserve. 
M. A. CoYKENDALL, Chief of the Farm Service Division. 
I. W. Litchfield, Chief of the Skilled Labor Section. 
Mrs. MartvARETTa Neale, Chief of the Woman's Division. 
Roger W. Babson, Chief of the Inquiry and Education Division. 
Alexander D. Chiquoine, Jr., Editor of the U. S. Employment 

Service Bulletin. 

The district superintendents are: 

District 1. — H. A. Stevens, 807 Little Building, Boston, Mass. 
District 2.— John R. O'Leary, 22 East Twenty-second Street, 
^•^ New York, N. Y. 
District 3. — John C. Saylor, Old Federal Building, Wilmington. 

Del. 
District 4. — John W. Reynolds, Cleveland. Ohio. 
District 5. — Ralph I9;ard, 810 East Main Street, Richmond, Va. 
District Q. — Cliff Williams, Meridian, Mass. 
District 7. — P. L. Prentis, 116 North Dearborn Street, Chicago. 
District 8.— C. C. Kavanaugh, Little Rock, Ark. 
District 9. — James O'Riley, 403 Metropolitan Life Building, 

Minneapolis, Minn. 
District 10. — A. L, Barkman, Kansas City, Kan. 
District 11.— H. W. Lewis, 220 Bedell Building, San Antonio, 

Tex. 
District 12.— William T. Boyce, Claus Spreckels Building, San 

Francisco, Cal. 
District 13. — Edgar C. Snyder, First Avenue and Union Street, 

Seattle, Wash. 

V. COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE 
Director, Mr. Walter S. Gifford 
(Address: Council of National Defense Bldg., Wash., D. C.) 

The Council of National Defense was created by Congress 
in 1916 for the coordination of industries and resources for the 



78 HAND-BOOK 

national security and welfare, and for "the creation of relations 
which will render possible in time of need immediate concen- 
tration and utilization of the resources of the Nation." It is 
further charged with the duty of supervising and directing in- 
vestigations and making recommendations to the President and 
the heads of executive departments as to the location of rail- 
roads with reference to the frontier of the United States, so as to 
render possible expeditious concentration of troops and supplies 
to points of defense; the coordination of military, industrial, and 
commercial purposes in the location of extensive highways and 
branch lines of railroad; the utilization of waterways; the mobil- 
ization of military and naval resources for defense; the increase 
of domestic production of articles and materials essential to the 
support of armies and of the people during the interruption of 
foreign commerce; the development of seagoing transportation; 
data as to amounts, location, method and means of production, 
and availability of military supplies; and the giving of informa- 
tion to producers and manufacturers as to the class of supplies 
needed by the military and other services of the Government. 

The Council itself is composed of the Secretary of War, 
Chairman, and the Secretaries of the Navy, Interior, Agricul- 
ture, Commerce, and Labor. With the Council there acts an 
Advisory Commission, headed by Daniel Willard, and composed 
of the following members : Howard E. Coffin, Julius Rosenwald, 
Bernard M. Baruch, Dr. Hollis Godfrey, Samuel Gompers, and 
Dr. Franklin Martin. 

Under both Council and Commission, many subordinate 
bodies of an emergency nature were created at the outbreak of 
the war. Of these several, notably the Committee on Raw 
Materials and the Committee on Supplies, have since been al- 
located to other departments of the Government, it being a 
prime function of the Council to serve as a proving ground for 
new phases of federal administration. The subordinate bodies 
of the Council are at present the State Councils Section, which 
organized the state councils of defense, which are in turn ex- 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 79 

tended down into the communities; the Woman's Committee 
with its twelve thousand units over the country, the task of 
which is the mobihzation of the woman power of America; the 
Highways Transport Committee, the duty of which is to utihze 
pubhc highways to supplement the work of the railroads; the 
Medical Section and General Medical Board, with some 35 sub- 
committees on which are many of the leading physicians and 
surgeons of the country; the Committee on Labor, with various 
subcommittees dealing with industry and welfare questions in 
connection with labor; the Committee on Education; the Na- 
tional Research Council, acting as the department of science and 
research for the Council of National Defense; and the Naval 
Consulting Board, acting as the Council's bureau of inventions. 
The Council of National Defense is at this date, July 18, 1918, 
conducting a preliminary study of the American problems of 
reconstruction and readjustment at the close of the war. 

Walter S. Gifford is Director of the Council and of the Ad- 
visory Commission, and Grosvenor B. Clarkson is Secretary of 
both bodies. 

VI. UNITED STATES FOOD ADMINISTRATION 

Administrator, Mr. Herbert Hoover 
(Address: 19th and D Streets, N. W.. Wash., D. C.) 

The United States Food Administration came into actual 
existence on August 10, 1917, when it was formally created by 
the President under the authority given him by the Food Control 
Act of the same date. Mr. Herbert Hoover was appointed 
Food Administrator by the President. 

The Food Control Bill conferred upon the Food Administra- 
tion powers of regulation to aid in the primary purpose of sup- 
plying our fighting forces and the Allies with food, while at the 
same time keeping food conditions at home in as stable equilib- 
rium as can be attained during the cross-currents and abnormal 
conditions induced by war. 

Thus the Food Administration's activity from its very be- 



80 HAND-BOOK 

ginning has had the double purpose of shipping the most neces- 
sary and most concentrated food overseas, and of keeping un- 
obstructed the home channels between food producer and con- 
sumer. To assure such progress, unblocked by any sort of trade 
manipulation or unfair business practice which would allow any 
agency en route to pocket an undue profit at the final expense 
of the public, has been the problem confronting the Food Ad- 
ministration in multitudinous variations of detail. 

As a means to solving food problems by those in closest con- 
fact with those problems, the Food Administration adopted a 
system of Federal Food Administrators in all the States and, 
working under them. County Administrators. This method 
provides a centralization of responsibility along with decentrali- 
zation of actual administration; and in addition, it offers to 
every man, woman and child in the country the opportunity 
to be in closest contact with the personal representatives of the 
Food Administration. Indeed, it is not going too far to say that 
each individual m the United States has been a working unit of 
the Food Administration, or has at least had the opportunity 
to be one. This has led to the result of making families and 
individuals throughout the country reahze their responsibility 
primarily toward feeding the Allies, and incidentally has quick- 
ened the public pulse in all sorts of cooperation necessary for 
the winning of the war. 

Meanwhile, during this first year of its existence, the Food 
Administration sought and obtained not merely the cooperation 
of the public, but that of all the national food trades. Week 
after week and month after month since the Food Administra- 
tion came into existence, representatives of different food trades 
and organizations have come to Washington to confer with the 
Food Administration, This has led to a spirit of voluntary and 
patriotic cooperation and to equitable regulations that have 
minimized the evils that inevitably result from the abnormal 
business situation produced by war. 

Such, to treat so large an undertaking very sketchily, was the 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 81 

working plan under which the Food Administration has con- 
ducted its activities during the first year of its existence. It is 
now possible to look back and see how far it has actually justi- 
fied itself by what it has contributed to the sustenance of those 
fighting the world's great battle against autocracy. Note, for 
example, the case of wheat, which has been especially needed 
by the Allies. Owing to the short crop of wheat in 1917 our 
ordinary basis of home consumption would have permitted us 
to send overseas less than 20,000,000 bushels. Instead of this, 
out of our last harvest we shipped to Allied countries about 
141,000,000 bushels. This represents what was released from 
our own home supply by the sheer power of concerted conserva- 
tion. The same encouraging results are shown in the case of 
meat, particularly since the transportation difiiculties of last 
winter have been in a measure alleviated. 

One could go on to quote actual statistics at great length to 
show tangible results of the way the public has cooperated 
with the Food Administration. But it will not do nowadays 
merely to look back congratulating oneself on past accomplish- 
ment. If the 1918 wheat crop is as large as seems to be the 
case, that stock must be used to form a working reserve, both in 
this country and in the AlHed countries, to guard against such 
stringencies as the submarine menace has caused m the past. 

Even more vital at present is the necessity for economizing 
and using wisely our available supply of sugar. The Allies 
must get their supply from us, in large measure, owing to the 
ship shortage which prevents sugar from being brought from 
Java. In addition, France has suffered from the loss of beet 
sugar mills in territory now occupied by Germany. In order 
to furnish the necessary sugar, this country must staunchly face 
a self-enforced ration limited enough to release what is needed 
for overseas shipment and still provide for absolute necessity in 
this country. Regulations have been formulated and put into 
effect, governing the amount of sugar permitted in such food- 
stuffs as sweet drinks and the like, but it is also necessary for 



82 HAND-BOOK 

the public to face its individual responsibility of cutting the 
use of sugar considerably below pre-war custom. France is 
getting but a pound and a half per person per month, when the 
sugar is to be had. Shall we balk at a per capita ration con- 
siderably more generous than that.? Before the war England 
used more sugar than we. Shall we refuse to share and share 
alike with her now.? 

Six months from now will doubtless provide an answer. And 
the answer will be one dependent upon the character and moral 
stamina of our citizenry. In determining this answer the 
churches of this country can help the Food Administration as 
they have through the past year by their loyal cooperation. It 
is particularly well worth noting that the Catholic Church, ever 
since the organization of the Food Administration, has been eager 
in spirit and rich in accomplishment in the cause of food saving. 

Speaking of organizations which represent religious faiths, 
Herbert Hoover wrote as long ago as October, 1917: "No other 
power in this country can more effectively reach the homes and 
put through a great systematic program of voluntary unselfish 
service." The truth of his assertion has been amply fulfilled. 
And yet, that is no reason for any relaxation of endeavor. In- 
deed, in a letter written to the churches of this country early this 
summer, Mr. Hoover says: "Our work is not yet complete. 
In spite of the encouraging results of our efforts, in spite of the 
fact that our exports of foodstuffs are constantly increasing and 
are approaching the minimum requirements abroad, the need for 
renewed devotion and effort is pressing." 

That is the thought to be borne in mind and to be lived up 
to vigilantly and unceasingly during all the coming months. 
Only by such effort and devotion will it be possible to attain the 
goal. Yet no goal which enlists the determination and highest 
aspirations of the American people is unattainable. 

The following suggestions for enlisting the active support of 
religious organizations in food production and conservation 
have been issued by the administration. 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 83 

The daily developments in the food situation abroad and at 
home demanding as they do a large flexibility of program, call 
for the presentation to producers, dealers and consumers, of 
constant changes in the food regulations. This fact and the 
imperative need for greater production and conservation efforts, 
emphasize the necessity for closer cooperation between the re- 
ligious organizations and the United States Food Administration. 

The work that has already been done by the churches and 
synagogues is deeply appreciated, and the great effectiveness of 
this means of reaching the people is the justification for a further 
communication. 

WTiere this bulletin is received by those that have already 
adopted the suggestions herein contained, and are closely co- 
operating with the Food Administrators, no change in present 
methods is requested. Where this cooperation has not been 
fully developed, however, it is hoped that this communication 
will lead to such development and that its recommendations 
will be carried out. 

Food Administration Organization. — Every State, Terri- 
tory and Dependency of the United States now has a Federal 
Food Administration, appointed by the President. A majority 
of the States are being organized upon a geographical basis, 
with an Administrator for every county or other local sub- 
division. 

The duties of these representatives of the Food Administra- 
tion are, broadly speaking, to stimulate food production and to 
regulate and conserve food supplies. In the matter of produc- 
tion and conservation the maximum amount of intelligent pub- 
licity and cooperation is necessary. It is obvious that this may 
be greatly aided by the religious organizations throughout the 
country. Attention is particularly called to these Federal 
Food organizations in each State, and it is hoped that all churches 
and synagogues will coordinate their activities therewith. 

General Plan. — All Federal Food Administrators (State 
and local) have been requested to enlist the support of all 



84 HAND-BOOK 

clmrclies and synagogues located within their respective juris- 
dictions. The Administrator has been requested to cooperate 
with the State leader of each denomination in organizing within^ 
the State. Each church and synagogue, which has not yet 
done so, is urged to designate a food committee of one or more, 
to keep in close touch with the Food Administrator on the con- 
stantly developing aspects of the food situation. The com- 
mittee in each church and synagogue will act as a bureau of 
information for the members of its organization and as a stimulus 
to increase activities along the conservation lines hereinafter 
suggested, or along any other lines that local conditions may 
justify. 

Activities Suggested: 

1. Eliminating unnecessary collations from all social functions. 

2. At banquets or occasions where the serving of food is necessary, 
presenting conservation menus, having few courses, using local 
foods, and substituting other foods for those which we wish to 
save for export. 

3. At meetings of church societies and gatherings of that nature, 
giving some time to consideration of food problems, as, for 
example: 

a. To teach conservation as a matter of self-sacrifice and to 
impress upon the public the first duty of feeding our sol- 
diers and our Associates in the War. 

h. To announce and explain the constantly developing 
program of the Food Administration. 

c. To discuss substitutions, desirable recipes, methods of 
canning and drying, and the relative nutritive values of 
various foods. 

d. To demonstrate cooking or the use of war kitchens. 

e. To give instruction as to the most practical products to 
raise in home war gardens; to stimulate the raising of 
domestic animals, poultry, etc. 

/. To encourage consumption of local products to reheve the 
transportation problem. The development of home 
gardens and the local consumption propaganda during 
1917 saved the country from great suffering. 

4. Delivering frequent educational and inspirational messages 
from the pulpit and in the Sunday School. 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 85 

5. Checking the membership to ascertain if all families are 
enrolled as members of the Food Administration. 

6. Urging patronage of retail dealers and public eating places, 
which observe the Food Administration regulations. 

7. Urging greater production, 

Vn. UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION 

Administrator, Mr. Harry A. Garfield 

(Address: 18th and C Streets, N. W., Wash., D. C.) 

The declaration of war made it imperative that more coal 
be produced and that all the supply that could be obtained 
must be rigidly conserved and equitably distributed. The 
Federal Trade Commission made a report on the fuel situation 
to Congress, which, on August 10, 1917, passed the "Lever 
Act." This act con'.'erred on the President full powers, under 
which, on August 22 he promulgated a schedule of prices, by 
states for coal at the mmes not under contract; and, on August 
23, he appointed Harry A. Garfield, formerly of Cleveland, 
Ohio, and at, that time President of Williams College, United 
States Fuel Administrator, with comprehensive power to con- 
trol production and distribution of fuel and with a specific 
authority to fix mine prices by fields and regions in detail. 

The first problem confronting the Administrator was the 
demand of labor to share in the increased prices of coal which 
prevailed as a result of the unsettled conditions. Unequal dis- 
tribution, caused by competition for coal at any price, had re- 
sulted in preferential treatment and had caused embarrassment 
to war industries as well as hardship to domestic consumers. 
Conferences of mine workers and operators were held in Wash- 
ington, beginning October 6, 1917, the outcome of which was a 
supplemental agreement to be appended to existing agreements 
between operators and miners. Bituminous mines were allowed 
an increased price of 45 cents per ton and anthracite 35 cents 
per ton to cover increased wages; in cases where the agreement 
respecting each was adopted. The operators, and miners were 



86 HAND-BOOK 

obligated not to suspend work in case of labor disputes arising, 
and enforceable penalties were provided. 

Mr. Garfield has surrounded himself with advisers of the 
widest experience in the production of coal. Cyrus Garnsey, 
Jr., Assistant Administrator, was formerly executive head of 
the Calloway Coal Company of Memphis; Director of Con- 
servation, P. B. Noj^es, formerly president of American Hard- 
ware Association; Director of Distribution, J. D. A. Morrow, 
secretary of National Coal Association; Director of Production, 
James B. Neale, operator in both the bituminous and anthracite 
fields of Pennsylvania; Bituminous Adviser, Rembrandt Peale, 
one of the most widely known men in the bitliminous industry; 
Labor Adviser, John P. White, former President United Mine 
Workers of America; Transportation Adviser, G. N. Snider, 
coal traffic manager New York Central Lines, East; Director 
of Fuel Oil Division, M. L. Requa, chairman valuation com- 
mittee of Independent Oil Producers' Agency of California; 
General Solicitor, W. T. Alden of Alden, Latham & Young of 
Chicago. 

The large central organization in Washington has been aug- 
mented by the appointment of 48 State Administrators, acting 
under its direction, and they in turn are assisted fey about 3,000 
local or county administrators. District representatives and 
inspectors in each coal producing district attend to enforcement 
of Federal regulations. Early in 1918 a zone system of dis- 
tribution was put in force to help relieve the strain on trans- 
portation resulting from war activities. A clean coal regulation 
minimizes the carrying of fuel not up to standard. Shipment of 
coal for ship bunkering is restricted to certain high grades. 
Priorities of shipment to industries determined by the War 
Industries Board to be the most essential to the prosecution of 
the war are enforced. Supply to industries of a less essential 
nature has been curtailed. 

Anthracite for factory purposes has been rigidly limited and 
the product so restricted in its movement as to avoid any extra 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAE COUNCIL 87 

tax on the already over-burdened transportation systems. In- 
creased allotments were made to New England and the Atlantic 
States for the year 1918-19 over the amount consumed during 
the year of 1917-18. Decreased allotments were made for the 
central and north central states and Canada, while the supply 
to the trans-Mississippi territory and the southern and western 
states was entirely cut off. 

To increase production and keep the mines working to their 
full capacity during the summer months when they usually 
slow down, although transportation is easier then, a campaign 
urging early ordering of the year's supply was instituted by the 
Fuel Administration at the beginning of the new coal year in 
April, 1918. 

A serious handicap was encountered in the calling of miners 
for war service. Every effort M^as made to keep the force re- 
maining in the spring of 1918 supplied with orders and cars and 
thus eliminate any idleness. 

Many methods of conserving the fuel supply have been 
ordered or recommended. Maximum production with minimum 
waste, is the program outlined by the Bureau of Conservation 
of the United States Fuel Administration. Every power plant 
in the country is undergoing inspection and is being given a 
classified rating in accordance with its efficiency in the use of 
fuel. 

Saving of fuel in the operation of railway locomotives was 
one of the important items taken up exhaustively at the con- 
vention of the International Railway Fuel Association held in 
Chicago, in May, 1918, and a systematic campaign to accom- 
plish much in this field through stoppage of leaks, cleanliness of 
boilers, etc., is being pushed by officials of the organizations of 
the railway men cooperating with the Railroad Administration. 
The importance of this is realized at once when it is known that 
the railroads consume nearly one-third of the entire bituminous 
production of the nation. 

Figures announced by the Fuel Administration in May in- 



88 HAND-BOOK 

dicate a serious shortage for the coal year of 1918-19. The 
estimated requirements are 735,000,000 net tons, while the 
production for the calendar year 1917 was estimated at about 
654,000,000 tons, which was approximately 64,000,000 tons 
more than in 1916 and 84,000,000 more than in 1913, these two 
years having been record breakers by large percentages. The 
country is, therefore, facing a serious shortage. Increased pro- 
duction over last year, if accomplished, must obtain in the 
face of a shortage of labor at the mines and by the further taxing 
of an already over-burdened transportation system. The need 
of extreme conservation is therefore self-evident. 

Through the cooperation of the country, by the elimination 
cf useless waste and by the careful conservation and efficient 
utilization of all fuel supplied, the United States Fuel Adminis- 
tration expects to be able to effect the distribution of a supply 
of coal to meet all war requirements and all necessities. 

VIII. COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INFORMATION 

Chairman, Mr. Geobge Creel 
(Address: 10 Jackson Place, Washington, D. C.) 

The Committee on Public Information was established by 
Executive order of President Wilson on April 14, 1917. Pur- 
suant to this order it was composed of the Secretary of State, the 
Secr)etary of War and the Secretary of the Navy with Mr. 
George Creel as civilian chairman and executive officer. Presi- 
dent Wilson has taken a direct personal interest in its plans and 
work. The headquarters of the Committee are at 10 Jackson 
Place, Washington, D. C, with subordinate and affiliated offices 
in New York and representatives in most of the associated and 
neutral countries of the world. 

To give the greatest publicity consistent with military and 
naval safety, to the efforts of the American nation in the war; 
to drive home to all our people the aims and purposes of America 
and to make clear the life and death character of this struggle by 
revealing the purposes, methods and ideals of the war-mad 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 89 

nation that had imperilled our national life and even civilization 
itself in its lust for conquest. The Committee on Public Infor- 
mation has become essentially a great emergency educational 
institution for the maintenance of national morale behind the 
fighting lines. As such it serves every department of govern- 
ment and cooperates with every national patriotic force. An 
example of the latter is the League for National Unity of which 
Cardinal Gibbons is ^n honorary president. 

In doing its work it has enlisted every agency of publicity 
and education. Pictures, posters, films, the press, cables and 
wireless, the schools, pamphlets, the public platform, civic, social 
and religious organizations have all aided either directly under 
the Committee or by cooperation through existing machinery. 
The Committee on Public Information under the direction of Mr. 
Creel is organized into divisions headed by a director, selected 
with reference to his especial qualifications for the type of work 
under his direction. 

Ways to Help. — The Church through its clergy, schools and press 
has already done much toward bringing before its membership all 
the patriotic purposes and all the governmental needs and aims 
t© which the Committee is striving to give the largest publicity. 
The field of work is still large especially among our people of 
foreign birth and descent, who look to the Church for leadership. 
The schools and universities have a great opportunity. The 
publications, pictures and films put out by the Committee are a 
great aid in the work already being done and might be more 
largely used. The war has brought a rare opportunity to hasten 
the work of patriotic education and Americanization. No other 
agency is more practically and potentially effective than the 
Church in this field. 

IX. THE FEDERAL BOARD FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION 

Chairman, Hon. David R. Houston 
(Address: Ouray Building, Washington, D. C.) 

A still larger field of usefulness for Catholic Societies through- 
out the country is opened up by this Commission since it has for 



90 HAND-BOOK 

its purpose the work of reeducating men disabled in the war. 
During the past ten months the Federal Board has organized 
its staff of experts in various lines and of regional agents for 
inspection of all schools aided by federal funds. The Director 
of the Federal Board is Dr. C. A. Prosser. Under the super- 
vision of this Federal Board war emergency training classes for 
conscripted men have been organized in the public school 
throughout the country. A series of war* emergency training 
courses for army occupations has been prepared and these 
courses have been adopted extensively not only for classes 
organized under the direct supervision of the Board, but as well 
for classes organized b}^ the War Departm^ent among men enlisted 
in the army and for classes conducted on a commercial basis 
under private ci\nlian control. 

The emergency war training bulletins of the Federal Board 
include emergency training courses in shipbuilding for shipyard 
workers; mechanical and technical training for conscripted men 
(Air Division, U. S. Signal Corps); training for motor truck 
drivers and chauffeurs; for machine shop occupations, black- 
smithing, sheet-metal working, and pipe-fitting; for electricians, 
telephone repair men, linesmen, and cable splices; for gas engine, 
motor-car, and motorcycle repair men; for oxy-acetylene wel- 
ders; and for airplane mechanics, engine repair men, wood 
workers, riggers, and sheet-metal workers. 

The preparation of these courses and the organization of 
training classes has been undertaken at the request of, and in 
cooperation with the Signal Corps and the Quartermaster 
Corps in the War Department, and the United States Shipping 
Board. 

Growing out of conferences between officials of the Federal 
Board for Vocational Education and officers of the General 
Staff an arrangement v/as perfected late in October, with the 
approval of the Secretary of War, for the utilization of the 
educational facilities of the United States by the Federal Board in 
cooperation with the War Department for the purpose of training 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 91 

drafted men in various occupations prior to their reporting at the 
cantonments. 

Even more absorbing in its appeal to the Federal Board, 
because of the wide range given to vocational education as a 
means of insuring human welfare, has been the investigation of 
methods and processes developed in the belligerent countries for 
vo3ational rehabilitation of men disabled in the war. Coinci- 
dently with its organization the Board initiated its inquiries 
in this field, and it has pressed these inquiries continuously during 
the past ten months. 

No other agency of the Government was prepared to enter 
this field, and the Government naturally turned to the Federal 
Board for expert service. 

The enactment recently by Congress, without a dissenting 
vote in either house, of the Smith-Sears Act, entrusting to the 
Federal Board the vitally important work of reeducation and 
returning to civil employment men disabled in the war, is a 
recognition of the services of the Board during the past ten 
months in accumulatmg data relating to rehabilitation work, and 
in devising a scheme of organization for undertakihg this work 
as our men return disabled from service. Here, also, it is 
provided that there shall be full and complete cooperation. The 
several Government offices concerned with the future welfare of 
men discharged from the army and navy, including the medical 
and surgical services of the War Department and the Navy 
Department, the Bureau of War Risk Insurance in the Treasury, 
and the labor exchanges in the Department of Labor, together 
with the Federal Board, will each render service in retraining and 
returning to civil employment men disabled in the war. 

The Federal Board will act in an advisory capacity in provid- 
ing vocational training for men during their convalescence in the 
military hospitals, before their discharge from the Army or Navy, 
and will continue such training to finality after. discharge, as the 
civilian agency of rehabilitation and placement in industry. 



92 HAND-BOOK 

X. THE AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS 

Chairman, Mr. Henry P. Davison 
(Address: 17th and D Streets, Washington, D. C.) 

I. Red Cross Work in America and in Europe. 

The American Red Cross was chartered by Congress 
in January 1905. It is not a Government organization; 
it is a voluntary aid, organization, rendering relief in 
times of peace as well as in times of war. It is officially 
recognized as such by the Government, and assists the 
Army and Navy whenever called upon to help care for 
the wounded and suffering. It is national in its scope 
and organization and is governed by a Central Committee 
of eighteen persons, among whom are representatives of 
the State, Treasury, War, Justice and Navy Depart- 
ments. All its financial accounts are audited by the War 
Department and an annual report is made to Congress by 
the Secretary of War. 

President Wilson is its President, not by the virtue 
of his office as President of the United States, but by 
election of the Central Committee. Robert W. De 
Forest is the Vice-President; John Skelton Williams is 
Treasurer; John W. Davis is Counselor and Stockton 
Axson is Tecretary. Former President William Howard 
Taft is Chairman of the Central Committee and Eliot 
Wadsworth is Vice-Chairman. By appointment of the 
President of the United States there is a Red Cross War 
Council of which Mr. Henry P. Davison is the Chairman. 
The other members are Mr. Charles D. Norton, George 
B. Case, Cornelius N. Bliss, Jr., and John D. Ryan, up 
to the time he became Chairman of the Air-Craft Produc- 
tion Board. The Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the 
Central Committee are ex-officio members of this Council. 
Its function is to direct the work of the Red Cross in 
the extraordinary emergency of the war. 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 93 

The work of the American Red Cross has two aspects : 
First, Work here in America; second, Work in Europe. 

A. Red Cross Work in America. 

The chief phases of Red Cross work in America are: 

a. Preparation for Rehef Work in Europ6; 

b. Work among soldiers and sailors in this 
country; 

c. Work among the Civilian Population; 

d. Maintaining and Administering Funds for 
work at home and abroad. 

a. Preparation for Relief Work in Europe, by 
organizing base hospitals, ambulance companies, and 
naval hospital units and turning them over to the 
War Department; by enrolling nurses and organizing 
them into units for service; by the mobilization and 
administration of volunteer effort, through the 
chapters and their branches and auxiliaries, for 
manufacturing relief supplies. 

There is a very special and urgent need for 
nurses, and the Red Cross is appealing for them at 
present. Communications on the subject should be 
addressed to Miss Jane Delano, Director of the 
Department of Nursing, National Headquarters of 
the American Red Cross, Washington, D. C. 

b. Work among soldiers and sailors in this 
country, which embraces a camp service that 
includes distribution of supplies at training camps, 
cantonments and naval stations, and the erection and 
care of convalescent houses; and the Red Cross Home 
Service, which keeps the men in touch with their 
families at home and assured of their welfare. Can- 
teen Service is also part of the work and consists of 
furnishing refreshments to soldiers at railway 
stations when traveling. Sanitary Service, the 
third branch of this work, cooperates with the 
Public Health Authorities to safe-guard the health 
of the civilian population living adjacent to military 



94 HAND-BOOK 



c. Work among the civilian population. This 
work is done by the Department of Civilian Relief, 
which in time of peac3 is responsible for Red Cross 
relief in disasters such as floods, fires, earthquakes 
tornadoes and the like, and in time of war devotes 
its chief energy to Home Service. Home Service is 
that phase of Red Cross work which is concerned 
with the welfare in times of war of the families of 
men enlisted in the service of our country, and also 
of families, residing in this country, of men enlisted 
in the service of our Allies. Its object is to help keep 
up the morale of the men in the service by helping to 
maintain the morale of their families at home, keep- 
ing them in good spirits, health, comfort, and their 
normal standards of life. 

Each Red Cross Chapter has a Civilian Relief 
committee as a part of which there is organized a 
Home Service section to look after local Home 
Service needs. It cooperates with ail the charitable 
and social organizations of its community. It is 
composed largely of Red Cross volunteers and has a 
membership as representative as possible of the 
various local interests — church, business, profes- 
sional and social work. Over three hundred thous- 
and soldiers' and sailors' families are now enjoying 
Home Service, while the need for Red Cross Home 
Service workers is correspondingly and constantly 
increasing. It is one of the outstanding Red Cross 
opportunities for service. 

d. Maintaining and administering funds for work 
at home and abroad. The moneys of the Red Cross 
are secured from membership dues and from the Red 
Cross War Funds raised for war relief by voluntary 
contributions of the people. The minimum goal 
set for each War Fund Campaign so far has been 
One Hundred Million Dollars and in each instance 
the amount has been over-subscribed. All expenses 
of the entire Red Cross organization throughout the 
United States are met by membership dues, and 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 95 

there is a handsome balance left over for disaster 
relief. 

War relief is paid out of the Red Cross War 
Fund. Every dollar contributed for relief goes for 
war relief, and the Fund is administered by the War 
Council through the Red Cross organization here in 
America and through the Red Cross Commissions 
sent to various countries in Europe for military and 
civilian relief abroad, 

B, Red Cross Work in Europe. 

Red Cross work in Europe embraces: 

a. Military Relief. 

b. Civilian Relief. 

c. Aid for Prisoners. 

a. The military work of the Red Cross in Europe 
consists in the sending of medical and relief supplies, 
almost daily, from America, and their distribution in 
France and elsewhere; the maintaining of fully 
equipped rest stations for the soldiers; the operating 
of rolling canteens and the maintaining of stationary 
canteens back of the firing line; maintaining ambu- 
lance service and cooperating with the French 
authorities for giving medical and surgical supplies 
to the French Military Base Hospitals; carrying on 
jointly with the French Government the .re-educa- 
tion of disabled or mutilated soldiers. 

b. For the civilian population, the Red Cross is 
endeavoring to help keep the soldiers' homes 
intact; to find homes for the outcast children who 
have neither homes nor parents, and to help the 
refugees and the repatries to find a place to live 
until they shall be able to rebuild their homes. 

c. The American Red Cross is also perfecting 
plans to care for Americans who may be captured 
and held in German prison camps. A complete 
scheme for sustaining American prisoners in Ger- 
many has been worked out jointly by the War and 
Navy Departments, and the Red Cross. 



96 HAND-BOOK 



n. The Extent of the Red Cross. 



On June 30, 1918, there were 3,855 chapters, with 
14,208 branches; and in addition there are auxiharies to 
chapters estimated in number to be three times that of 
the chapters. Any church or any group of people can 
form an auxihary for the purpose of Red Cross work and 
give it the name of the church, or parish, or some promi- 
nent individual whom they wish so to honor. The forma- 
tion of auxiliaries is one way to give local individuality 
to the Red Cross work and contributions. 

The Red Cross has an adult membership of over 
twenty-one million and a Junior Membership of several 
million school children. The Junior Red Cross member- 
ship is the mobilization of school children and teachers 
into auxiliaries for Red Cross activities through the 
school organization, and represents an opportunity for 
the little ones and young children of the country to do 
actual work to help win the war. Any school, with the 
permission of its principal, may become an auxiliary, 
upon application to the School Committee of the Local 
Red Cross Chapter, and paying dues equal to twenty-five 
cents for each pupil, or giving a pledge of loyal service. 

Nationally the Red Cross is organized into fourteen 
divisions, with di^dsion headquarters in thirteen large 
centers of the United States, and a fourteenth in Wash- 
ington, D. C, in charge of the territory outside the 
United States. The function of National Headquarters 
is the determination of policy and supervision of Red 
Cross activities. All home activities are directed through 
the fourteen divisions. The work abroad is carried on 
by the War Council through Commissions to all the 
allied countries. 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAE COUNCIL 97 

II. SUPPLEMENTAL AGENCIES FOR COOPERATIVE 
WAR WORK 

I. THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 

Chairman, Mr. William Sloane 

General Secretary, Mr. John R. Mott 

(Address: 347 Madison Ave., New York City.) 

The work of the National War Work Council of Young 
Men's Christian Associations inside the camps and canton- 
ments and at the various Army posts and Navy stations in- 
cludes the erection and maintenance of the necessary service, 
administration, auditorium and other special buildings, and 
the promotion of the usual Young Men's Christian Association's 
program of amusement, recreational and athletic games, and 
social, educational and religious activities. This program is 
worked out in conference with the Knights of Columbus- and 
the Jewish Welfare Board to avoid all unnecessary duplication. 
While the Association, as well as these organizations has its own 
distinctive rehgious affihation, all its facihties and privileges are 
open alike to all men of the Army and Navy. The Young 
Men's Christian Association also continues the regular work, 
which it has conducted since 1898, at its regular army And 
Navy branches, which are housed in permanent buildings and 
provide the usual social, educational, physical and rehgious 
activities. 

Overseas the Young Men's Christian Association makes 
similar provision for the men of the American Army and Navy, 
together with such additional work (e. g„ the operating of the 
post exchange) as the military authorities assign to it. It also 
places its usual facilities at the disposal of the French, Italian, 
and other Allied Armies and Navies and prisoners of war. 

It has extended its work to the men in process of transit, on 
trains, transports, and at ports of embarkation; and to men in 
war industries, such as soldier loggers, men in navy yards and 



98 HAND-BOOK 

arsenals, and workers in shipyards and munition plants under 
government control. 

The National War Work Council is operating in the United 
States alone 878 separate units with 650 buildings. There are 
3,202 secretaries at work in this country, and 4,413 workers 
overseas, including secretaries, canteen workers, mechanics, 
motion picture operators, etc. 

The daily attendance at the various buildings in this country 
alone averages over one-half million. More than thirteen mil- 
lion letters are written in these buildings each month. 

Officers of the National War Work Council are: William 
Sloane, Chairman; Cleveland H. Dodge, Treasurer; John R. 
Mott, General Secretary; and Fletcher S. Brockman, J. S. 
Tichenor, Charles R. Towson and C. V. Hibbard, Associate 
Secretaries. 

II. THE YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 

Chairman, Mrs. James S. Cushman 

Secretary, Mrs. Howard M. Morse 

(Address: 600 Lexington Ave., New York.) 

A committee of the National Board of the Young Women's 
Christian Association is responsible for using the resources of 
that organization in helping meet the special needs of girls and 
women affected by the war. 

The committee works 

In the United States. 

Establishing Club and Recreation work for girls, includ- 
ing a Patriotic League (for both white and colored). Pro- 
viding Emergency Housing for employed girls and women. 
Erecting Hostess Houses in army and navy camps for women 
relatives and friends of the men (both white and colored). 
Establishing work in colored communities affected by the war. 
Conducting a bureau for foreign-born women, providing 
translations of needed bulletins, interpreters in army camps, 
training Polish women for reconstruction work in Poland and 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 99 

maintaining a home service for non-English speaking women. 
Providing and financing social leaders for women under the 
direction of the War Department Commission on Training 
Camp Activities. Establishing Room Registries and War 
Service Centers in cities employing girls in war industries. 
Maintaining a Bureau of Social Morality which cooperates 
.with the War Department in furnishing a group of women 
physician lecturers on social standards in war time, and 
also in issuing literature. Publishing a War Work Bulletin 
and other educational literature. Maintaining a Bureau of 
Volunteer Workers. 

In Europe. 

Providing social workers, recreation leaders, physical 
directors and cafeteria managers. 

For American Women in France. 

Nurses. Signal Corps (women). Other English-speaking 
women employed b}'^ the American Army. 

For French Women (at the request of French Government). 

Working in munitions factories. Working in stores and 
offices. Working in French war offices. 

In Russia. 

Providing leaders for club, cafeteria and educational work in 
three centers for Russian women. 

III. THE JEWISH WELFARE BOARD 

Chairman, Col. Harry Cutler 
Secretary, Mr. Chester J. Teller 
(National Headquarters, 149 Fifth Avenue, New York.) 

Upon the entrance of the United States into the great Euro- 
pean War, the Jews of America evinced a desire to meet the social, 
recreational, religious and spiritual needs of the boys of Jewish 
faith enlisted under the Stars and Stripes. For this purpose, a 
large number of national Jewish organizations, all of which are 
today affiliated with it as cooperating or constituent societies, 
organized the Jewish Welfare Board in April, 1917. 



100 HAXD-BOOK 

What this Board aimed to do at the outset was to help 
America win the war, by aiding her in all possible ways to develop 
a mora'e among her fighting men, and particularly among men of 
Jewish faith and ancestry. To do this efficiently and success- 
fully, it has selected and trained a force of field workers who are 
sent forth to minister to the religious, social, and other needi of 
the boys in the various camps and cantonments of the United 
States. 

But the Welfare Board realized that its endeavor to serve the 
soldiers would be only half completed by caring for their needs 
while in camp. In order that the men, when off duty, shall 
have proper facilities for wholesome recreation and pleasant 
diversion, it has organized local branches in towns adjacent to 
camps. The organization of thes? town branches stimulates the 
interest of the folks at home for the men in the service and 
guarantees a contiauous and constructive relationship between 
the men and their home communities in all matters affecting 
their welfare. The communities aid the camp workers in the 
organization of their rehgious and recreational activities, and 
stimulate town hospitality, community center work, send-offs 
to enlisted or drafted men, hospital visitation and other personal 
service. 

To meet the need of housing facilities for its workers, and for 
general welfare purposes for Jews and non-Jews alike, the 
Jewish Welfare Board is erectin-? weKare buildings. To date, it 
has authorized twenty-six buildings in the more important can- 
tonments throughout the country. It provides for these build- 
ings all necessary equipment, including books, periodicals, 
newspapers, stationery, etc. 

With the cooperation of the Jewish Publication Society, it 
has published 80,000 copies of the Scripture Readmgs and 
80,000 copies of Jewish Prayer Books and has purchased for 
distribution among the boys "over there," 10,000 copies of the 
British- Jewish Publications. It has published and distributed in 
cooperation with the Commission On Training Camp Activities. 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 101 

Yiddish translations of two sex-hygiene pamphlets, and has 
likewise pubHshed and distributed a Yiddish translation of a 
bulletin on Government Benefits. 

The Jewish Welfare Board extends its services not only to 
men in the camps and naval stations in this country, but also to 
men who serve on board ships in our own waters and abroad. 

IV. tHE NATIONAL BOARD FOR HISTORICAL SERVICE 

Chairman, Dr. Evarts B. Greene 

Secretary, Mr. Waldo G. Leland 

(Address, 1133 Woodward BIdg., Washington, D. C.) 

The Bureau of tliis important Board h 1133 Woodward Build- 
ing, Washington, D. C. Address all communications to W. G. 
Leland, Eiq. 

This Board was established in May, 1917, by a group of 
scholars as a kind of clearing house through which the services 
of the historical profession might be placed at the disposal of 
the Government and the country. Its activities may be conveni- 
ently grouped under the following heads : 

1. Research. — In its corporate capacity and through its individual 
members it has investigated various topics related to the 
present international crisis. The results of some of these 
investigations have been furnished directly to certain depart- 
ments of the Government. Other material has been fur- 
nished to the periodical press, both popular and scientific. 

2. Education. — The present situation clearly requires more than 
ever an intelligent public opinion regarding not only the 
historic institutions and ideals of the United States and the 
affairs of the Western Hemisphere, but also the peoples of 
Europe, including our enemies as well as our allies. This is 
essential not only in order to appreciate the conditions which 
compelled the United States to enter the war, but also to deal 
intelligently with the problems which must be solved before a 
just and lasting peace can be secured. In order to help 
teachers in presenting to their pupils and to the communities 



102 HAND-BOOK 

in which they live the^historical background of the present 
.crisis, numerous! articles have been published through the 
History Teacher's Magazine, the Bureau of Education, and the 
Committee on Public Information. Among these publica- 
tions are a topical outline entitled. The Study of the Great War, 
and A Critical Annofatedl Bibliography of the War. So far as 
individual teachers have]^been able to work out satisfactory 
plans for presenting these topics^to their pupils the Board will 
be glad to receive^ such information and to place it at the 
disposal of others who may desire advice. The Board is so 
ready to furnish, so far as possible, information as to competent 
lecturers on the war and its historical background. 

3. Cooperation with the Committee on Public Information. — This 
has taken form chiefly in the preparation of a number of pam- 
phlets, by members of the Board, in the Red, White, and Blue 
Series and the War Information Series. Among the ^umbers 
so prepared special attention may be called to those entitled 
Conquest and Kultur and German War Practices. Both 
illustrate the pains taken to secure accurate texts upon which 
the public may rely with confidence. 

4. War Records. — The Board is deeply interested in the preser- 
vation of records which shall enable the future historian to 
present an accurate account of American participation in the 
war. The documents which should be so preserved include 
Qot only ofllcial records, national, state, and local, but also 
those of other corporate bodies such as churches, universities, 
the Red Cross, business corporations, etc. Even individual 
records such as diaries and letters may be of great importance. 
In this matter also the Board aims to serve as a clearing house, 
both giving and receiving suggestions. 

V. THE TRAVELERS AID SOCIETY 

President, Mr. Gilbert Colgate 

Secretary, Mr. Orin C. Baker 

(Address, 465 Lexington Ave., New York City ) 

Travelers Aid is a non-sectarian, non-commercial protective 
organization to safeguard travelers, particularly women and 
girls, who by reason of inexperience, ignorance, illness, infirmity. 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 103 

or disability, are in need of protection and assistance. Travelers 
Aid gives advice, information and protection to all travelers, 
irrespective of age, race, creed, class or sex. All services are 
rendered absolutely free and its agents are not permitted to 
accept any gratuities. 

The organization had a distinct field before the war began, 
with workers at stations and docks in all large cities and co- 
operating representatives in hundreds of smaller places, and 
was already established and experienced when war conditions 
made it necessar^^ to increase the work. Travelers Aid workers 
have been placed in stations in or near camp centers where before 
the war such work was not needed, and in other centers where 
the work was being actively carried on it has been intensified to 
meet conditions. 

Travelers Aid workers meet trains and boats and offer as- 
sistance to inexperienced or unsophisticated travelers, or those 
who are strangers and whose friends or relatives fail to meet 
them. They assist those who have come to work in war indus- 
tries to find employment and housing. They care for the rela- 
tives or friends of men in service until they can reach the men at 
the camps or on leave from the Nav}^ 

The Aids laiow just where the camps are and the quickest 
way to reach them, and also how to find the men at the camps 
when their friends come without sending word in advance. 
They know what war work is being done by other organizations 
and can refer soldiers, sailors, their families or friends to proper 
places for lodging, for recreation, or for other needs. 

The definition of Travelers Aid is so broad that sectarian, 
interdenominational, social, and philanthropic organizations 
have been able to unite for the more effective protection and 
assistance of travelers on humanitarian principles in the Na- 
tional Travelers Aid Society, which is unifying the organizations 
into a cooperative whole and stimulating the local work. The 
four points of the definition are: 



104 HAND-BOOK 

First. — The investigation on request of the reasons why persons 
leave their home, inchiding questionable inducements such as 
offers of positions, deceptive letters, addresses and acquaint- 
ances, etc. 

Second. — The meeting and protection of travelers at stations and 
docks. 

Third. — The assistance of travelers, when necessary, to suitable 
and respectable lodging places in the city, to trains and boats 
for other points, or returning them to their own homes when 
advisable. 

Fourth. — Bringing strangers in touch with the agencies in the 
new community in touch with organizations that will develop 
them sociallj', mentally and religiously. 

VI. THE NATIONAL AMERICAN COMMITTEE OF THE POLISH 
VICTIMS' RELIEF FUND 

Chairman, Mr. L J. Padbrewski 
Secretary, Mr. W. O. Gorski 
(Address: 33 West 42nd Street, New York City ) 

The National American Committee of the Polish Victims' 
Relief Fxmd is an organization founded in New York by I. J. 
Paderewski, the celebrated musician, for the purpose of collecting 
money in the United States for the relief of Polish war victims. 
The offices of the organization occupy a spacious room in the 
iEolian Building, which the ^olian Company has kindly placed 
at the disposal of Mr. Paderewski free of rent. All the officers of 
the organization, including the present executive secretary, hav- 
ing spontaneously volunteered their services, are honorary mem- 
bers of the Polish Victims' Relief Fund; in other words, are not 
drawing any salaries. The New York Telephone Company has 
generously extended the courtesy of free local service to the 
Polish Victims' Relief Fund. Thanks to these propitious condi- 
tions, the National American Committee of the Polish Victims' 
Relief Fund has been able to bring down its expenses to the 
minimum figure of 1.98 per cent on the money collected; this sum 
representing the average of expenditures for the period from 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL 105 

January 1, 1917, to July 1, 1917. These expenses averaged 6.60 
per cent for the first period of existence of the Committee, 
namely, from May 7, 1915, to June 16, 1916, and they averaged 
2.44 per cent for the second period, namely, from June 16, 1916, 
to December 31, 1916. Expenses consist of stenographers' 
salaries, postage, stationery, advertising, telegraph, exchange on 
out-o^'-town checks, and include the cost of transmitting the 
funds collected to Europe. 

For the relief of Polish war refugees in Russia and Siberia 
money is cabled by the Polish Victims' Relief Fund to Petrograd 
in care of the American Embassy and is distributed among the 
sufferer? by the Polish Central Relief Committee of Petrograd. 
For the relief of Polish refugees in France and Switzerland the 
money is cabled to local Polish relief organizations. For the 
relief of the populations inhabiting the parts of Poland invaded by 
the Germans and Austrians, all sums of mone3^ are cabled in 
larger amounts to the General Polish Relief Committee in Vevey, 
Switzerland, founded by Henry Sienkiewicz and I. J. Paderewski. 
This is done with the full knowledge and sanction of the state 
Department in Washington, D. C. 

In order to avoid delay, confiscation or possible loss in 
transmission, the money is dispatched from Switzerland by 
special messengers in cash and handed to local representatives 
of the Committee in Poland. The messengers, who defray 
their own traveling expenses, are men of high standing, well- 
known, distinguished Poles, whose reputations are above sus- 
picion. The local representatives in Poland are for the most part 
members of the Cathohc Church. In their turn they distribute 
the funds between the most needy among the sufferers without 
discrimination as to creed, race, nationahty or political opinion. 
In other words, all destitute inhabitants of Poland are helped 
alike, be they either Poles, Lithuanians or Ruthanians, Jews or 
Gentiles — all receive their share of the moderate means placed 
at the disposal of the Committee. 



106 HAND-BOOK 

VII. THE AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR ARMENIAN AND SYRIAN 
RELIEF 

Chairman, Mr. James L. Barton 

Secretary, Mr. Charlbs V. Yickery 

(Address: 1 Madison Avenue, New York City.) 

The purpose of the American Committee for Armenian and 
Syrian Relief is to provide the necessities of hfe for two and a 
half million starving people in the Eastern War Zone; 400,000 
of whom are. orphan children. Relief for these sufferers is trans- 
mitted in the form of credit through the War Trade Board and 
in cooperation with the State Department, thus giving assur- 
ance that the enemy or the allies of the enemy do not derive 
benefit from the funds given for the relief of these destitute of 
W^estern Asia. 

No food is sent directly from the United States to either 
points within or outside the Turkish Empire. All supplies are 
purchased in the countries where the relief is distributed. 

The American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 
makes no distinction in race or creed. Through them the 
American people have sent over ten million dollars for Arme- 
nian, Syrian and Greek sufferers. These needy people are divided 
into the following groups : those who have succeeded in escaping 
from Turkey into the Russian Caucasus, those who have sought 
refuge in Persia, those who have escaped behind the British 
lines in Mesopotamia and Southern Palestine and another 
group who are still compelled to remain within the Turkish 
Empire, for it is as difficult for a Turkish subject of pro-ally 
sympathy to leave the Turkish Empire as it is for a Belgian to 
escape into France. 

The work of distribution is carried on by American mission- 
aries,' physicians and teachers who have remained on the field, 
braving the dangers of war and pestilence to give aid to these 
suffering peoples. The principal relief stations of the Committee 
are situated at Erivan, Russian Caucasus; Teheran, Persia; 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAE COUNCIL . 107 

Cairo, Egypt; Bagdad, Mesopotamia; Jerusalem, Palestine. 
Out of these larger centers radiate hundreds of smaller points. 

VIII. THE GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION OF THE FEDERAL 
COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST IN AMERICA 

Chairman, Robert E. Speer 

Vice-Chairman, Rt. Rev. William Lawrence 

Secretary, Rev. William Adams Brown 

(Address: 105 East 22nd Street, New York City. Branch Office, 1112 Woodward 

Bldg , Washington, D. C.) 

The General War-Time Commission of the Churches was 
created by the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in 
America soon after the entrance of the United States into the 
War. Its purpose is to coordinate the activities of the Protestant 
churches, to carry on such work as can best be done in a coopera- 
tive way, and to furnish a means of united expression when such 
is desired. 

The range of its work is indicated by the following list of some 
of its more important committees: Committee on Survey, Joint 
Committee on Chaplains, Committees on the Equipment of 
Chaplains, on Voluntary Chaplains, on Camp Neighborhoods, 
on Work in Centers of War Industry, on the Welfare of Negro 
Troops, on Conditions in France, on War-Time Work in the Local 
Church, on Social Hygiene and Sex Morality, and on Literature 
and Publicity. 

The officers of the Commission are: Chairman, Robert E. 
Speer; Vice-Chairman, Rt. Rev. William Lawrence; Secretary, 
Rev. William Adams Brown. 

The General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains is a 
body cooperating with the War Department, the Navy Depart- 
ment and Red Cross in the selection of Protestant Chaplains. 
It has encouraged the formation of a Chaplain Committee, in the 
main Protestant denominations, and is composed of the chairmen 
of those denominational Committees. In cooperation with the 
latter it has invited many capable young ministers to enter the 
Chaplain Service and it has made careful investigation concern- 



108 HAND-BOOK 

ing the professional fitness of those who volunteer to enter the 
chaplaincy. While it is not officially connected with the War 
Department, Navy Department or the Red Cross, all Protestant 
ministers entering the Chaplaincy must have the approval of 
this Committee. 

IX. THE BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA 

Chief Scout Executive, James E. West 
(Address: The Fifth Avenue Building, New York City.) 

The Boy Scouts are trained to efficiency, self-reliance and 
resourcefulness, to honor, loyalty, purity and honor. Their pro- 
gram of recreation — education activities, endorsed by the 
Catholic Church and by educators of high repute everywhere, 
is the most effective system of boy training yet discovered. Its 
essential aim is good citizenship and the development of such 
qualities as will make for manhood of the best type. 

With such a platform and such ideals, and with an enormous 
active membership, all pledged to practical patriotism, it is not 
strange that when our country entered the world war, the Boy 
Scouts of America were immediately in the field, ready 
for action, recognized by the Government and the country 
at large, as a significant auxiliary in the war program as 
well as a no less important adjunct, by way of offering a sane 
antidote to the evils war brings in its train, particularly the 
dreaded menace of increased juvenile delinquency. That 
service has continued from that time to this. One hundred 
per cent patriotism is the war time watchword of the Scout 
Movement, and as it numbers over 350,000 Scouts and over 
90,000 Scoutmasters and Scout Officials, its influence upon the 
national morale can scarcely be overestimated. 

Under the direct sponsorship of the Government, scouts sold 
1,291,781 subscriptions amounting to $197,238,200 of bonds in 
the three Liberty Loan Campaigns. Up to July 31, 1918, the 
scouts have sold $14,930,925 worth of W. S. S. and will no doubt 
double the record before January 1, 1919. 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAE COUNCIL 109 

Both individually and collectively, the Boy Scouts of America 
have loyally supported the national program of Fuel and Food 
Conservation and have been particularly active in the food pro- 
ducing end of war winning, and in spreading intensive gardening 
propaganda. In 1917 there were tens of thousands of scouts who 
had gardens themselves, or helped in those of their parents and 
friends. They also worked in canning factories and orchards 
and on farms. The same work is being done this year on an 
even larger scale. 

All of this is being done with the cooperation of national 
agencies and with the personal endorsement of President Wilson, 
Members of the Cabinet and the various directors of wartime 
activities. Secretary McAdoo recently said, " The Boy Scouts of 
America are one of the greatest of our war facilities. They are 
helping us win." 

Of scout service to other important patriotic agencies, it is 
almost impossible to speak in detail, so extensive has been the 
cooperation of the Boy Scout Organization with such agencies 
and causes. They have participated actively in all the war relief 
campaigns, and assisted the financial campaigns of the American 
Red Cross, the Knights of Columbus, the Y. M. C. A., the 
Salvation Army, the War Camp Community Fund, and many 
others of national importance at this time. 

Our people are at this time anxious to give full measure of 
devoted service to our country in its hour of splendid stress, and 
we have at hand an unparalleled opportunity for mobilizing our 
youth for helpfulness along these lines, if we will but take advan- 
tage of it. The annual report of the Boy Scouts of America 
records hundreds of scout troops organized in connection wnth 
Roman Catholic Churches. There is no reason why the number 
should not be doubled, or trebled. On the contrary, there is 
every reason why it should be so doubled or trebled, not only 
for the sake of our boys themselves, for whom Scouting is a 
proven benefit, but because, by its program and methods already 
worked out and practicable and successful to a remarkable 



110 HAND-BOOK 

degree, the Movement offers a channel for patriotic activities on 
the part of our Catholic youth. 

It may not be here amiss to remind our people that the 
Scout Movement has the unqualified approval o£ his eminence 
John Cardinal Farley and other prominent leaders of our faith, 
that it is widely accepted by the Roman Catholic Church both 
here and in Europe, and that there is an authorized Roman 
Catholic Bureau for extension of Scout Work. Victor F. Ridder 
of New York is the National Scout Commissioner for Scout 
Work in Roman Catholic Churches. 

Anyone interested in securing information as to the character 
of the Movement, the procedure involved in starting scout troops 
in Catholic Churches, and ways by which Scouting can be 
utilized for practical service along patriotic lines, should address 
communications to the Boy Scouts of America, National Head- 
quarters, 200 Fifth Avenue, New York City. 

X. THE NATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING, 
WAR PROGRAM COMMITTEE 

615 19th Street. N. W., Washincton, D. C. 

"One of the greatest forces in protecting the health of the 
Nation is the public health nurse," says Newton D. Baker, 
Secretary of War. 

The object of all public health nursing is the prevention of 
disease and the reduction of infant mortality through the instruc- 
tion of the individual in the home. This instruction may be 
given by the visiting nurse who cares for the sick mother or 
child, staying long enough to give expert nursing care, and to 
carry out the orders of the physician; by the infant welfare 
nurse who teaches mothers how to care for themselves and their 
babies so that instead of one baby out of every ten dying before 
the age of one year as happens in the United States, we have 
more lusty children who will grow to strong maturity; by the 
school nurse who in her turn follows up the medical inspectors' 



NATIONAL CATHOLIC WAE COUNCIL 111 

diagnoses and convinces parents of the necessity of correcting 
physical defects, such as the draft has shown to have been 
neglected in the past; by the hospital social service nurse who 
links the hospital with the home thus ensuring the cure that pre- 
ventible bad home conditions might have retarded or even made 
impossible; by the tuberculosis nurse who teaches her patient 
those lessons of isolation and disinfection which protect his 
family and the community; by the industrial nurse who is able 
to get in close contact with both employer and employee, making 
a good understanding between the two, and making factory 
conditions more healthful with the result of fewer absences and 
a smaller labor turnover. 

France and Italy, recognizing their need of the expert knowl- 
edge that alone can adequately meet the need of their people, 
are turning to their new ally for public health nurses to establish 
tuberculosis and infant welfare stations, and the Red Cross is 
sending them the most experienced women available. 

Our own Government has called upon the public health 
nurses to assume the health problems of the Extra-Cantonment 
Zones, and the associate secretary of the National Organization 
has been released to the Federal Public Health Service as in- 
spector in these zones. To her has been delegated the problem 
of correlating all public health nurses in these zones, and to sub- 
mit plans of organization so that there may be no duplication of 
effort and so that the zone may be made safe for our soldiers. 

Every one wants to help the Children's Bureau in its splendid 
program to save 100,000 babies between April 6th, 1918, and 
April 6, 1919. The best way to do this is to insure the part this 
program which involves the placing of a public health nurse in 
every community not already so provided. 

In 1917 the war so increased the interest of the country in 
conserving the health of the people and in consequence so in- 
creased the demand for public health nurses, that it was necessary 
for the National Organization for Public Health Nursing to start 



112 HAND-BOOK 

an active campaign to increase the number of such specially 
trained women. 

To lay the foundation stones of such a campaign the Organ- 
ization joined most heartily with the other national bodies in the 
recruiting for the training schools for nurses, as among the young 
women now entering the training schools are the public health 
nurses of the future. 

But the need is immediate, and every effort is being made 
urging nurses, who have never before specialized in public health 
work to take one of the many courses in theor3^ and practical 
work to different parts of the country in order to fit themselves 
for responsible work. The Educational Secretary has arranged 
also for emergency training courses of ten weeks in several states. 



INDEX 



INDEX 

A 

Page 

Administrative Committee 10, 11, 12 

Advisory, Finance Committee 12 

After- War Activities, Committee on 14, 23 

Agar, John G 11, 14 

Agriculture, Department of 69 

Alden, W. T 86 

American National Red Cross 92 

American Red Cross 17-20 

Americanization 18 

Armenian Relief, American Committee on 106 

Axson, Stockton 92 

B 

Babson, Roger W 77 

Baker, Hon. Newton D 65, 66-78 

Baker, Hon. Newton D. Letter to Knights of Columbus 28 

Baker, Orin C 102 

Barkman, A. L 77 

Barton, James L 106 

Baruch, Bernard M 78 

Big Brother Movement, Cooperation with 49 

Big Sister Movement, Cooperation with 47 

Bliss, Jr., Cornelius N 92 

Boy Scouts of America 108 

Boyce, Wm. T 77 

Boys Working Reserve 72 

Brockman, Fletcher S 98 

Brown, Rev. Wm. Adams 107 

Burke, Rev. John J., C. S. P 11, 13 

C 

Callahan, Daniel J 11, 27 

Case, George B 92 

Canteen Service 18 

Catholic Army and Navy Chaplain Bureau. 37 

Catholic Interests, Committee on 23 

115 



116 INDEX 

Page 

Catholic Schools 70 

Catholics of U. S. Convention of , . 9 

Chaplain Bureau, Catholic Army and Navy 37 

Chaplains' Aid, Committee on 14 

Chaplains' Aid Association 21, 52 

Chaplains' Aid Association, Bulletin of 23 

Chaplains, Knights of Columbus 30 

Chapters of Chaplains' Aid Association 21 

Child Welfare Work 18 

Chiquoine, Alex. D., Jr 77 

Christie, Most Rev. Alexander 10 

Clarkson, Grosvenor 79 

Coffin, Howard E , 78 

Colgate, Gilbert 102 

Commission on Training Camp Activities 20, 65-100 

Committee of Knights of Columbus 12 

Committee on After- War Activities 14, 23 

Committee on Chaplains' Aid 14 

Committee on Historical Records 14, 20, 25 

Committee on Literature 14 

Committee on Men's Activities 14, 18 

Committee on National Catholic Interests 23 

Committee on Public Information 88 

Committee on Special War Activities 12, 13 

Committee on Special War Activities — Standing Committees. . 14 

Committee on Women's Activities 14 

Committees, Diocesan 16, 20, 41f., 45, 48, 51, 52 

Community Service, War Camp 68 

Compensation for Death or Disability. 61 

Connolly, V. Rev. James N 37, 38 

Cooper, Rev. John 14 

Cooperation, Diocesan 41f 

Cooperation, National and Diocesan 52 

Cooperation with Governmental Agencies, Necessity of 59 

Cooperative Committees of Diocesan War Councils 45 

Cooperative Work of Parishes 52 

Council of National Defense 17, 20, 46, 77 

Coykendall, M. A 77 

Creel, George ; 88 



INDEX 117 

Page 

Cusliman, Mrs. James S . . . 98 

Cutler, Col. Harry 99 

D 

Daniels, Hon. Josephus 65, 66 

Davis, John W 92 

Davison, Henry P 92 

Death, Compensation for 61 

De Forest, Robert W 92 

Delano, Miss Jane 93 

Denechaud, Charles 1 12, 18 

Densmore, John B 77 

Department of Labor. 71 

Department of Labor Employment Service 74 

Departments of War and Navy 65 

Dineen, Rev. Joseph P 37 

Diocesan and National Cooperation 52 

Diocesan Committee on Chaplains' Aid 52 

Diocesan Committee on Historical Records 51 

Diocesan Committee on Men's Activities 48 

Diocesan Committee on Women's Activities 45 

Diocesan Cooperation 41f 

Diocesan Council, Executive Committee of 41 

Diocesan Finance Committee 45 

Diocesan Men's Committee 20 

Diocesan War Councils 41f 

Diocesan War Councils, Suggested Organization 41 

Disability, Compensation for 61 

Dodge, Cleveland H ; 98 

Dohan, I. J 13 

Dougherty, Most Rev. Dennis J 11 

Drive, New York Catholic 13 

Drumgoole, Rt. Rev. Henry T 11, 25 

E 

Education, Federal Board for Vocational 89 

Eidlitz, Otto M 71, 72 

Employment, U. S. Service. 74 

Executive Committee 11 



118 INDEX 

F 

Page 

Family Allotments and Allowances 61 

Farley, John Cardinal 9, 10, 110 

Federal Board for Education 89 

Federal Council of Churches, Wiir-Tin^e Commission 107 

Fenlon, V. Rev. John F . 11 

Fenner, B. L 72 

Finance Committee, Advisory 12, 13 

Finance Committee, Diocesan 45 

Finance Committee of Committee on Special War Activities. . . 14 

Flaherty, James A 12, 27 

Foley, V. Rev. Wm. M 37, 38 

Food Administration 17, 4, 79 

Food Conservation 69 

Food Production 69 

Ford, James 71 

Fosdick, Raymond B 65, 66 

Fuel Administration 17, 85 

G 

Garfield, Harry A 85, 86 

Garnsey, Cyrus 86 

General Committee 12 

Gibbons, James Cardinal 7, 9, 10, 22, 89 

Gifford, Walter S 77 

Girls' Clubs 47 

Girls, Protection of 17, 47 

Gleason, V. Rev. Joseph M 37, 38 

Glennon, Most Rev. John J 10 

Godfrey, Dr. Hollis 78 

Gompers, Samuel 78 

Gorski, W. 104 

Governmental Agencies in War Work 59 

Greene, Evarts B 101 

Guilday, Rev. Peter 25 

H 

Hall, Wm. E 72, 77 

Hanna, Most Rev. Edward J 11 



INDEX 119 

Page 

Hayes, Rt. Rev. Patrick J . 1 1, 28, 37, 38 

Hibbard, C. V 98 

Hierarchy of U. S.: 

Declaration of Loya;lty 78 

Leadership of 9 

Historical Records, Committee on 14, 20, 2o 

Historical Records, Diocesan Committee on 51 

Home Economics 70 

Hooke, Walter G, 1 3, 23 

Hoover, Herbert 79 

Hospitals, Visitation of 48 

Housing Corporation 71 

Housing of Women 47, 98 

Houston, David R 69, 89 

I 

Insurance, Government 62 

Insurance, War Risk 60f 

Ireland, Most Rev. John 10 

Iselin, Adrian 13 

Izard, Ralph 77 

J 

Jewish Welfare Board 99 

K 

Kavanagh, V. Rev. Leslie 37, 38 

Kavanaugh, C. C 77 

Keane, Most Rev. James J 10 

Kelly, Rt. Rev. Edw. A 11, 23 

Kenny, Wm. P 13 

Kerby, Rev. Wm. J 14 

Knights of Columbus 9, 11, 12, 27ff 

Knights of Columbus Chaplains 30 

Knights of Columbus Committee on War Activities 27 

L 

Labor. Department of 71 

Larkin, Wm. P 27 



120 INDEX 

Page 

Law Enforcement, Social Hygiene Division 67 

Lawrence, Rt. Rev. William 107 

League for National Unity 89 

Leland, J. D 72 

Leland, Waldo G .101 

Lewis, H. W 77 

Liberty Loan 17, 46 

Litchfield, I. W 77 

Literature, Committee on 14 

Love, Thomas B 60 

M 

McAdoo, Hon. Wm. G 60 

McGinley, Wm. J ! 12, 27 

McGraw, James J 12, 27 

Marron, O.N 13 

Martin, Franklin 78 

Men's Activities, Diocesan Committee on 48 

Men's Diocesan Committees 20 

Messmer, Most Rev. Sebastian G 10 

Meyers, J. J 13 

Moeller, Most Rev. Henry 10 

Morrow, J. D. A 86 

Morse, Mrs. Howard M 98 

Mott, John R 98 

Muldoon, Rt. Rev. Peter J 11 

Mulligan, Wm. J 11, 27 

Mundelein, Most Rev. George W 11 

Murphy, John V. T.. 13 

N 

National Board for Historical Service 101 

National Catholic War Council; 

Creation , 9 

Headquarters 14 

Members lOf 

Operative Committees 12 

Organization 10 

Purpose 7 , 



INDEX 121 

Page 

National Chaplains' Aid Association 21 

National Defense, Council of 17, 20, 46, 77 

National Outlook, Necessity of 44 

National Standing Committees I4 

National Unity, League for 39 

Navy, Department of q5 

Navy Department Commission on Training Camp Activities.. . 65 

Neale, James B 3g 

Neale, Mrs. Margaretta 77 

New Testament, Army and Navy Edition 22 

New York Catholic Drive 13 

Norton, Charles D 92 

Noyes, P. B gg 

O 

O'Connell, William Cardinal 9 10 

O'Hern, Rev. Lewis J., C. S. P 37 

O'Leary, John R ^ 77 

O'Riley, James 77 

P 

Paderewski, I. J 104 

Parishes, Cooperative Work of 52 

Parochial War Council 55 

Parochial War Council, Standing Committees of 53 

Peale, Rembrandt 86 

Pelletier, Joseph C 12, 27 

Pershing, General 29 

Phelan, James J , , , 13 

Pitaval, Most Rev. John B 10 

Polish Relief Fund IO4 

Prentis, P. L 77 

Prosser, Dr. C. A 90 

Public Health Nursing HO 

Public Information, Committee on ; . . . 88 

R 

Recreation Work 49 

Red Cross 17, 20, 23, 46 



122 INDEX 

Page 

Red Cross, American National. 92ff 

Relief Act, Soldiers and Sailors 61ff 

Religious Work for Men's Diocesan Committees . . . 49 

Requa, M. L 86 

Reynolds, John W 77 

Ridder, Victor F 110 

Rosenwald, Julius 78 

Russell, Rt. Rev. Wm. T 11 

Ryan, John D ' 92 

S 

St. Vincent de Paul Society 49 

Sanger, W. Prentice 65 

Saylor, John C .....:... 77 

Schrembs, Rt. Rev. J. B 11 

Shaw, Most Rev. John W 11 

Slattery, Michael J 18 

Sloane, Wilham 97 

Smith, Frank G 13 

Smyth, Nathan A 77 

Snider, G. N 86 

Snyder, Edgar C 77 

Social Hygiene, Law Enforcement Division 67 

Soldiers and Sailors Civil Relief Act 61f 

Special War Activities 13 

Speer, Robert E 107 

Splaine, Rt. Rev. Msgr. M. J 23 

Standing Committees, National 14 

Standing Committees of Diocesan War Councils 44 

Standing Committees of Parochial War Councils 55 

Stevens, H. A 77 

Sullivan, T. E 13 

Syrian Relief, American Committee on 106 

T 

Taft, Hon. Wm. Howard * 92 

Teller, Chester J. . . . : 99 

Theard, Charles 13 

Tichenor, J. S 98 



INDEX 123 

Page 

Tobin, Edward J 13 

Towson, Charles R 98 

Travelers' Aid 17, 47 

Travelers' Aid Society 102 

Treasury, Department of 60 

True, A. C 69 

U 

Unity, Catholic 9 

V 

Vickery, Charles V 106 

Visitors' Houses 15 

W 

Wade, Festus J 13 

Wadsworth, Eliot 92 

War and Navy, Departments of 65 

War Camp Community Service 68 

War Councils, Diocesan 4 Of 

War Councils, Diocesan, Suggested Organization 41f 

War Councils, Parochial 55 

War Department Commission on Training Camp Activities. 65-100 

Waring, Rev. Geo. J 37, 38 

War Risk Insurance 60ff 

War Risk Insurance, Bureau of 60 

West, James E 108 

Wheeler, James R 13 

White, John P 86 

Willard, Daniel 78 

Williams, Charles 13 

Williams, Cliff 77 

Williams, John Skelton 92 

Wilson, Hon. William B 69 

Wilson, Hon. Woodrow 7, 65, 92 

Women's Activities, Committee on 14 

Women's Activities, Diocesan Committee on 45 

Working Boy's Reserve 72 

Y 

Young Men's Christian Association 28, 97 

Young Women's Christian Association 98 



*1 ^ 



